Arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever & oropouche remain important causes of disease in the Americas.
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ALT Our workshop will be held onsite at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, from the 13 to the 17 March 2023. It is jointly organised by CADDE Team and the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, and will bring together experts involved in sequencing programmes, public health surveillance and epidemiology.
We also show that repeat blood donors are more suitable than PCR+ convalescent plasma donors to estimate the time to seroreversion. Unlike the general population, few plasma donors had an asymptomatic infection. Thus, antibodies of plasma donors wane slower than blood donors.
The infection hospitalisation rate (IHR, the probability of an infected individual being hospitalised) increased in all age groups during the second wave, but not homogeneously: It increased by a minimum factor of 34.4% up to 163.4% in patients aged 16-24 and 45-54 respectively.
Considering reinfections, the attack rate of the Gamma-dominated wave in Manaus was likely not higher than 37.5%, compared to 75.0% in the first wave. Despite this, hospital admissions were larger during the 2nd wave, suggesting increased disease severity of the Gamma VOC.
Seroprevalence was consistently lower in women and donors older than 55 yrs, and these disparities were dynamic over time. For example, the first wave in Manaus (May/2020) affected mostly young men, while women and older age groups seroconverted faster in the following months.
Reasons for these differences include differences in patterns of comorbidities & lineages circulating in these cities, though the quality, capacity & availability of key healthcare resources likely played an important role - see our previous work on this: go.nature.com/3S16igV
There was large variation in the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR, the probability of an infected person dying from COVID-19). In December 2020, the age-adjusted overall IFR was higher in Curitiba (0.54%) and São Paulo (0.42%) and lower in Manaus (0.24%) and Fortaleza (0.26%).
The attack rate by December 2020 varied significantly across cities, from 19.3% in Curitiba to 75.0% in Manaus. The age-standardised mortality per capita ranged from 1.7 to 5.3 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants in these cities, showing divergent epidemic spread and disease burden.
CADDE publication: SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly across Brazil, with extensive sub-national differences. Here we test blood donation samples to estimate attack rates and fatality rates for 8 Brazilian capitals. Here we present our main findings.
doi.org/10.7554/eLife.78233 @eLife 🧵1/13
