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Canada Needs a New Model for Building Cities
Prime Minister Mark Carney's Canada Investment Summit has brought some of the world's largest pools of capital to Toronto with an ambitious objective: to catalyze $1 trillion of investment in Canada over the next five years.
That's exactly the kind of ambition Canada needs.
But it also raises a bigger question:
Are we being ambitious enough about what we ask investors to invest in?
Much of the discussion around investment understandably focuses on energy, critical minerals, AI, manufacturing and major national infrastructure.
But Canada has another enormous investment challenge sitting in plain sight:
our cities.
Canadian municipalities are struggling to build the transit, housing infrastructure, water systems, public spaces and other assets needed to support population growth.
The usual explanation is that cities don't have enough money.
That's true — but I think it misses the larger problem.
Canada doesn't simply have an urban infrastructure funding problem. We have an urban infrastructure business-model problem.
Our current system is remarkably fragmented.
A city plans a transit line.
Another government funds part of it.
Developers build housing around it.
Landowners benefit from rising property values.
Governments collect additional income, sales and corporate taxes, from the economic activity it creates.
Pension funds and other institutional investors invest their capital elsewhere.
Everyone participates in the economic value created by the infrastructure — but we rarely design the project from the beginning so that some of that value helps pay for the infrastructure itself.
Instead, municipalities rely heavily on property taxes, development charges, debt and periodic funding agreements with provincial and federal governments.
Then we wonder why it is so difficult to build.
There is another way.
Suppose we stopped thinking about a new subway line as simply a transportation expenditure.
Think of it instead as the backbone of a 30-year urban investment strategy.
The public sector could assemble land around stations, establish the planning framework, build the infrastructure and retain ownership of strategically important public land.
Private developers could compete for development rights.
Instead of selling valuable public land outright, governments could use long-term ground leases.
Some of the increase in land value created by the transit investment could be captured and reinvested.
Commercial development, housing, district energy, station retail and other revenue-producing assets could create investable cash flows.
The Canada Infrastructure Bank could provide patient capital or help reduce particular project risks.
Canadian pension funds, sovereign wealth funds and global institutional investors could invest in assets capable of generating long-term returns.
Government would still fund the portions that are genuinely public goods.
But the entire project would be designed as an integrated economic platform, not a collection of disconnected expenditures.
This requires more than new financing instruments.
It requires a different institutional model.
Our largest cities need dedicated Urban Investment Corporations that can combine public land, infrastructure, planning, development rights, and private capital into projects spanning several decades.
City councils would still determine the public objectives.
But professional investment and development organizations would turn those objectives into executable projects.
There is an important principle here:
Public infrastructure creates enormous economic value. The question is whether we deliberately capture some of that value for the public, or simply allow it to accrue elsewhere.
Canada already has many of the ingredients.
We have enormous pension funds.
We have sophisticated infrastructure investors.
We have the Canada Infrastructure Bank.
We have valuable public land.
We have rapidly growing cities.
And now, through the Canada Investment Summit and a reinvigorated Invest in Canada, we are actively looking for opportunities to put large amounts of long-term capital to work.
The opportunity is to connect those pieces.
Instead of asking only:
"Where will governments find the money to build our cities?"
perhaps we should also ask:
"How do we redesign our cities' growth so that it becomes investable?"
Graham Churchill retweeted
Replying to @FareedZakaria
Trust is a form of capital. American power was built on trust. That trust is now waning across the board.
DEFENCE — Ukraine, the Iran War, Greenland, trump’s talk of making Canada a 51st state, America’s missile deficit, top resignations of generals, Pete Hegseth’s reckless actions: all suggest trust in US defence has collapsed.
TRADE AND AGREEMENTS — Trump’s implementation of tariffs on Canada despite a signed trade deal (USMCA) show how US contracts are now written in pencil.
TECHNOLOGY — Trump’s unilateral changing of the name of Lake Ontario to Lake America and the subsequent submission of US technology companies to comply demonstrates that no country can afford to be dependent on US tech. AI, Starlink, Microsoft, Google, Amazon, Apple, Nvidia, Visa, Mastercard, cloud computing, and American communications systems are now all high risk.
FINANCE — Money only has value if you believe it has value. America is now over $40T in debt, and its increasing use of asset seizures suggest it is dangerous to be too exposed to the dollar and US financial institutions. The sell-off of American-secured gold is a case in point.
LAW — Countries invest in the US because they believe the law is fair and stable. But if the DOJ and the Supreme Court are now mere play toys of a madman president, how can there be trust in American rule of law?
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE — When Trump was first elected, the world thought that the US would course correct. Now people see Trump not as an aberration but as a reflection of the American people themselves.
Trump, and his followers, see dependence on America as leverage to be used to extract submission. Allies see American dominance as a security risk.
Without trust, there is no power. American power was built on trust. Nobody trusts America.
Graham Churchill retweeted
North America needs to stop doing economic harm to itself. 🇨🇦🇺🇸🇲🇽
Our relationship deserves more than the simplistic argument that Canada and Mexico must accept Washington’s demands or lose access to American consumers.
🇨🇦 Sovereignty matters. “51st state” rhetoric cannot be brushed aside while Canadians are lectured about respecting American interests. Partnership requires mutual respect.
🌎 Trading with China is a reality for every major economy. Reducing dependence takes time, investment and alternatives. Washington cannot reasonably describe its own dealings with Beijing as pragmatic while treating its neighbours’ trade as disloyal.
🤝 Reciprocity matters. Every country has workers, industries and interests to protect. Pressure your partners to find other customers, and they will. Objecting when they do only reinforces the need to diversify.
💡 Here’s my proposed path forward:
Remove tariffs on trade between our three countries, with a negotiated framework for sensitive sectors.
For steel and aluminum, replace blanket tariffs with agreed tariff-free cross-border volume allowances tied to production capacity and regional demand. Apply graduated tariffs only above those thresholds. Set transparent rules, verify North American origin and review the allowances regularly.
That gives producers protection against sudden import surges while giving manufacturers predictable access to the materials they need. Businesses should know the rules before they price a contract, expand a plant or hire workers.
Alongside that, negotiate a revised Article 32.10 with clearly defined safeguards for mutually agreed strategic or protected sectors. Address legitimate concerns about outside supply chains and circumvention through specific, reciprocal obligations.
Diversification and a strong continental partnership can coexist. We should strengthen our collective competitiveness instead of making our workers and manufacturers absorb the cost of political contradictions.
@MarkJCarney @PierrePoilievre @realDonaldTrump @jamiesongreer @Claudiashein @m_ebrard — there is room for a practical agreement that respects sovereignty, protects sensitive industries and gives businesses certainty.
Respect sovereignty. Protect shared interests. Compete together. 🇨🇦🇺🇸🇲🇽
Something is mentally wrong with this guy.
The loss of tariff-free trade and the ongoing U.S.-Canada tariff dispute are estimated to cost Canada's economy between $10 billion and $20 billion per year (roughly 0.3% to 0.6% of GDP), according to mainstream macroeconomic analysts
Tariff-free Canada-U.S. trade not returning, Carney’s top negotiator says thanks to the Master Negotiater Mark Carney.
thestar.com/politics/federal…
Graham Churchill retweeted
Replying to @rupasubramanya
A truck loaded with thousands of copies of Roget's Thesaurus spilled its load leaving Toronto. Witnesses were stunned, startled, aghast, stupefied, confused, shocked, rattled, paralyzed, dazed, bewildered, surprised, dumbfounded, flabbergasted, confounded, astonished, and numbed.
Graham Churchill retweeted
Fun fact:
California and Alaska are closer to having a majority for secession than Alberta.
Alaska would be a great addition to Canada, so Carney and the Canadian government should encourage them to go ahead.
Well, duh! Partnership means treating each other with mutual respect -- not as territories to be conquered.
U.S. Ambassador Pete Hoekstra says the idea of Canadians partnering with the United States “is under attack here in Canada.” theglobeandmail.com/politics…
This @globeandmail History of Alberta Separatism podcast is a first class analysis. I highly recommend that all Canadians listen to it.
podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcas…
Graham Churchill retweeted
A hilarious meeting of communist heads — Karl Marx, Joseph Stalin, Mao Tsetung (Mao Zedong), Fidel Castro and Che Guevara — over the question of who the greatest of them all is, until the surprise guest arrives in the end:
This report is worth reading, reviewing, and debating. Let's get started, folks.
The @CDHoweInstitute, where I'm a Fellow, has released its Productivity Blueprint. Check it out!👇
cdhowe.org/productivity-blue…
Graham Churchill retweeted
🇨🇦 There’s an uncomfortable truth in this headline: outside pressure can force a country to confront problems it has spent years avoiding.
🔗 wsj.com/world/americas/how-t…
Greg Ip’s argument deserves attention. Canada’s productivity challenges, internal trade barriers and difficulty getting major projects built did not begin with Donald Trump. We should be honest about that if we want to fix them.
But Canadians don’t owe Trump gratitude for tariffs and threats. Any lasting benefit will come from how WE respond. Workers and businesses absorbing the damage deserve more than being told this is somehow good for them.
🏗️ The opportunity is to turn urgency into a national building agenda: connect our provinces, expand energy and transportation infrastructure, build housing, attract investment and give businesses a predictable path from proposal to construction.
As someone working in development, I see how ambition runs into execution. An announcement doesn’t create a serviced lot. An approval doesn’t necessarily mean construction can begin. Housing and employment growth depend on water, wastewater, power, transportation and a workable way to finance them.
🌎 Diversifying trade also means building the physical capacity to reach other customers. A new trading relationship only takes us so far if we cannot produce, transport and deliver competitively.
We can pursue a strong relationship with the United States while making Canada less vulnerable to decisions in Washington. Those goals are entirely compatible.
🤝 And we need to stop treating every national project as a contest between regions. Alberta’s prosperity matters to Ontario. Ontario’s manufacturing matters to the West. Ports, electricity, critical minerals and functioning trade corridors matter to all of us. Meaningful Indigenous partnerships must be part of getting that work done.
The real test is whether we sustain this effort after the immediate pressure fades. Can we make timely decisions, provide investment certainty and hold governments accountable for delivery through the next election and the next administration?
Trump may be supplying the pressure. Canadians have to supply the purpose.
Let’s build a country whose prosperity depends more on what we accomplish together, and less on who occupies the White House. 🇨🇦
#Canada #NationBuilding #Productivity #CanadianEconomy
Graham Churchill retweeted
Replying to @glennbeck @USTradeRep
That is one of the most dishonest framings I have ever heard.
Canada always sided with the US on China. Trump betrayed us.
On Dec 1, 2018, Canada arrested Huawei CFO Meng Wanzhou at the Vancouver airport at the request of the United States. Canada was punished by China for years for doing so. On Dec 10, 2018, it detained two Canadians, Michael Kovrig (a former diplomat) and Michael Spavor (a businessman) in retaliation. China accused both of espionage and sentenced Spavor to 11 years in prison.
On Dec 11, 2018, Trump then threw Canada under the bus by publicly saying he might intervene in Meng’s case if doing so would secure a trade deal with China. He effectively shredded Canada’s claim that it was just upholding an extradition request for the US.
Trump’s action drove China to retaliate against Canada. In 2019, it suspended canola imports from two major Canadian exporters and subsequently stopped Canadian pork and beef imports. Canola exports to China fell from $2.8B in 2018 to $859 million in 2019.
Nevertheless, on Jan 15, 2020, Trump signed his “Phase One” trade agreement with China. In the deal, no help was given to Canada to secure the freedom of the two Michaels or reduce restrictions on Canadian trade put on it because Canada helped the US.
On Sept 24, 2021, the Biden administration reached a deferred prosecution with Meng and withdrew the extradition request. Canada released her; within hours, China released the two Michaels.
On May 19, 2022, at the US request, Canada announced the exclusion of Huawei from Canadian telecoms networks.
In August-October 2024, following Biden’s tariff increases on Chinese vehicles, Canada did the same, implementing a 100% surtax on Chinese-made EVs and 25% surtax on Chinese steel and aluminum.
Nevertheless, on Mar 4, 2025, Trump imposed a 25% tariff on all Canadian goods. This went to court because it violated USMCA. Some tariffs were removed.
On Mar 12, 2025, the US imposed a 25% tariff on Canadian steel and aluminum.
On Mar 20, 2025, in response to Canada’s China tariffs, Beijing imposed a 100% tariff on Canadian canola and peas, and 25% on pork, fish and seafood.
From April-June 2025, Trump put a 25% tariff on Canadian automobiles. On June 4, his tariff on Canadian steel and aluminum was increased to 50%.
On Jan 20, 2026, Mark Carney made his famous Davos speech where he said there had been a “rupture” in the international order. Great powers were using tariffs, financial systems, and supply chains as weapons to coerce friends and allies. Canada had no choice but to do a reset in its trade relationships.
From Jan - March, Carney negotiated a partial reset with China: a quota on Chinese EVs at a lower tariff in exchange for agricultural trade relief. Trump then threatened a 100% tariff on Canada over Canada’s trade deal with China.
Trump has demonstrated that aligning your country with the US not only does not provide benefits. Integration becomes a weapon that the US will use against its friends. Despite Canada’s loyalty to America, Trump has decided to treat Canada as an enemy.
American power around the world was built on trust with its allies. Trump has done everything he can to destroy that trust . The United States has been made weaker for it.
Graham Churchill retweeted
Lutnick will keep pushing. That’s the negotiating posture. But Canada and Mexico have good reason to question whether Trump is actually prepared to follow through on leaving CUSMA.
My read: he doesn’t have the political will to absorb the consequences. Threatening to walk away is easy. Owning the disruption to American manufacturers, farmers, workers and consumers is a much harder political proposition.
And Congress has its own constituents to answer to. Whether it’s this Congress or the next, I would expect significant pushback if Trump seriously attempted to dismantle an agreement that American businesses depend on. That isn’t a guaranteed congressional veto, but it is a political constraint.
Canada and Mexico shouldn’t assume the threat is harmless. They also shouldn’t negotiate as though the United States has nothing to lose.
There is room to improve CUSMA. All three countries benefit from a stronger North American economy. But a durable agreement requires recognizing that dependence runs in every direction. 🇨🇦🇲🇽🇺🇸
apple.news/Ao8RzVkJ-TH-uyIcn…



















