
ALT Proposed framework for the use of ultrasound in D2T-RA. All images are longitudinal greyscale ultrasound with power Doppler (PD). Synovial hypertrophy appears hypoechoic and is indicated by double dagger (โก), while bone cortex appears hyperechoic. PD signal is shown as red/orange spots and indicates vascularity. Arrows indicate osteophytes, and arrowheads indicate bone erosions. Images A, B, and D show the second metacarpophalangeal (MCP2) joint, whereas image C shows the MCP4 joint. Ultrasound positive images show โactiveโ inflammation, with PD signal and synovial hypertrophy, whereas ultrasound-negative images show synovial hypertrophy without PD signal and structural damage (enthesophyte in Figure B and bone erosions in Figure D). The boxed regions indicate the area of PD assessment



























