Cyber Threat Intelligence Analyst at Rabobank | Threat Hunter | Malware Analyst |. (All opinions expressed here are mine only). 🇳🇱

The Netherlands
Joined April 2022
Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
Kiddo is already showing a strong understanding of dependencies (xkcd 2347)
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
StealMyBitcoin is solved! This is the absolute best explanation you’ll see on how hard #php2shell is to exploit. The author had to trigger a precise memory corruption condition, leak internal memory addresses, bypass aslr, reverse engineer php’s internal memory structures, forge structures to hijack execution, and account for php build differences, worker behavior and timing to get RCE. 20 http requests with a 7 out of 10 success rate. What an amazingly successful CTF. Impressive the creator was able to keep the server up during all the attempts. With all the BS around it’s nice to see something concrete that moves the art forward. github.com/KillaBoi/StealMyB…
Love this. The💰is still in the wallet. Finally we get some ground truth around how hard php2shell is to exploit. The amount of bullshit flying around from vendors capitalizing on the moment is staggering, And the alert fatigue they’re creating is really going to hurt when a mass exploitable RCE emerges. We still haven’t seen a production site hacked via #php2shell at Wordfence.
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
They are looking to buy a working exploit with bitcoin. 🤣
Someone has created a vulnerable PHP website, loaded it with a Bitcoin wallet, and challenged the Internet to hack into it and they can keep the Bitcoin. It has a running timer to show if the PHP exploitability was over-hyped. stealmybitcoin.com/
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
Looks like @github suspended my account. I haven't used github for anything in the past couple of days. Great. A bit frustrating. If anyone from the support team sees this my ticket is: #4903946
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
Universal exploit for #php2shell is rather impossible, but specialized exploits for known environments are coming. I tried my luck with pfSense 2.7.2 - PHP 8.2.11, FPM, 512M limit. Variant with session file write to a crafted path. Almost entirely written by an open-weights LLM.
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If we are not seeing mass exploitation of php2shell, it's not because the exploit is not easy. It's because threat actors are apparently absolute dumbasses, or don't make enough money to afford a Codex subscription.
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
this somehow reminded me of how every time I released some linux LPE thing I would get random e-mails from HTB players thanking me for da ez cheeses
You made me buy a HTB subscription... Tenet pwned with php2shell
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
Re: the widely circulated blog claiming the PHP bugs aren't easily exploitable: @trailofbits has a working exploit that gets a shell on an unmodified MediaWiki installation. eliastaylor.com/noexploit/
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
Sorry folks, we have a confirmed PHP compromise with post-exploit activity. Still not the widespread outbreak we all braced for, but it’s actively exploited in the wild. Updated threat brief: unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/…
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
A brief update on the critical vulnerabilities in PHP:  We have not yet validated exploitation in the wild and we have no evidence of successful wide scale exploitation. There are currently several exploit PoCs publicly circulating, many of which appear to be "vibe-coded" and are incapable of remote code execution. We have validated some PoCs, however, that are capable of RCE against default deployments of mod_php but not PHP-FPM. Nonetheless, exploitation may have already begun in a limited fashion and the threat is viable and very serious. Defenders should: ​1) Patch & Restart by upgrading to PHP 8.5.12, 8.4.27, 8.3.36, or 8.2.35 and restarting web services ​2) Layer Temporary Safeguards at the network edge (WAF/proxy rules) and server configuration level if immediate patching requires a maintenance window ​3) Protect Credentials by monitoring for abnormal session traffic and rotating keys and passwords on compromised internet-facing PHP systems exposed prior to patching 🔗 We are continually updating our Cloud Security blog post on this topic with real-world guidance and actionable defense strategies as we learn more. Please keep monitoring these posts for updates as you prioritize your patching efforts: cloud.google.com/blog/produc…  🔗 Technical details from Wiz: wiz.io/blog/php2shell-php-rc… 🔗 Details of the exposure from VirusTotal: blog.virustotal.com/2026/10/…
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
I'll be the first to admit I'm mediocre at exploit development, but I am in contact with enough extremely talented exploit developers to say this for certain: Anyone claiming they were "easily" able to generate a working php2shell exploit with AI is either: a) a world-class exploit developer with an extreme case of imposter syndrome. b) currently looking at some very confident-sounding but wrong LLM output. I'm rather certain it's the latter based on the number of AI-hallucinated exploits I've seen posted on GitHub. Threat actors are also blasting my honeypot network with "php2shell" exploits that not only don't work, but aren't even within 10,000 miles of anything to do with how the exploit actually works. I've seen the same technique from the attached image in multiple alleged "php2shell exploits", including one on GitHub with over 100 stars. Problem is, it's not php2shell, nor is it even a vulnerability at all. It's a technique known as "session poisoning", which can be leveraged to exploit local file inclusion (LFI) vulnerabilities in PHP apps (not PHP itself). The only thing it has in common with CVE-2026-109618/CVE-2026-109619 is they both use the "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" feature. And mitigation advice for both issues reference setting "session.upload_progress.enabled" to "Off". People are shoving loose details of the vulnerability into LLMs, the LLMs are keying in on the "PHP_SESSION_UPLOAD_PROGRESS" string, then generating session poisoning code that has nothing to do with the actual CVE. And because the people doing this have absolutely no idea what they're doing, they're confident enough to post their "proof of concept exploit" to GitHub and share it on social media. So if you see people talking about "session poisoning + LFI" it's likely their LLM hallucinated an exploit based on a 2018 blog by Orange Tsai talking about a local file inclusion attack vector. What's even worse is that "security researchers" are then using LLMs to triage these exploitation attempts, falling victim to the same hallucinations, then confirming there is ongoing mass-exploitation (there currently isn't). The actual real exploit is very difficult to exploit, and so far I've not seen anyone successfully get it working on more than a handful of PHP version with highly-specific configurations. LLMs are useful tools in the hands of skilled professionals, but for others, they're often just a Dunning-Kruger accelerator.
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
#php2shell. seems to be hard to exploit (mem corruption vs aslr). yes, public pocs now are lab-only rces. this is a good one: github.com/9bie/php2shell-by… limited to an unrealistic one-worker php-fpm. but it can be upgraded to N workers if we manage to hold N-1 workers :) here it is.
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
php2shell.censys.com/ Check out the Censys ARC - PHP2SHELL dashboard here! You can see the vulnerability exposure and remediation including many different breakdowns and views. Great work by the team!
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
cybersecurity startups trying to raise funding right now
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
It took 17 minutes to turn the Gitlab RCE to a working HEAP exploit using Gemini 4 Argon and the advisory, then another hour for the complete chain - super fun for someone like me without any binary exp or source code review experience, new cyber era! Great find by @joaxcar!
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Little bit of AI magic in vulnerability research 🌈
What a brutal day today... Major vulns people are struggling to fix right now - PHP2Shell allows unauthenticated remote code execution on affected PHP servers. CISA is advising organizations to patch or take affected systems offline (this is absolutely nuts, basically the majority of websites w/known server-side language ~70% are being told to immediately upgrade or shut down). There’s also a disclosure controversy: Chainguard co-founder Dan Lorenc released patched builds over six hours early. The PHP Foundation says that exposed the fix for attackers to study and Dan says existing leaks and reports of active exploitation justified making the builds available to everyone. - Node.js just patched ten vulnerabilities, including remote code execution through its Brotli decoder and separate TLS validation bypasses. There are so many codebases built on Node that a lot of teams now need to check whether they’re affected - One of eMudhra’s (an Indian certificate authority whose certificates are trusted by browsers) certificate authority private keys was literally 4. Eight keys were trivially recoverable since April 2025. - GitLab also recently patched a 10/10 vulnerability allowing unauthenticated code execution. Researchers dream of scoring a 10/10 CVSS score, and this one was on a version control system running half of all F100s. Major exploits and breaches - LiteLLM is a widely used library for connecting applications to AI models. Its 1.107.0 release on PyPI was compromised and shipped with a credential stealer and a backdoor. People installing what looked like a normal update were downloading malware. - Railway disclosed that attackers may have accessed customer environment variables and decrypted some of them, potentially exposing API keys and database passwords. They’re asking all users to rotate stored secrets. - OpenCode disclosed a breach affecting 1.4% of Console users a few days ago, tied to what it describes as a large-scale distillation attack. I’d just started using OpenCode, so this one hit a little to close to home. - State Bank of India confirmed that personal and loan data belonging to 3,897 customers surfaced on the dark web. - PHP2Shell is already being targeted too. AWS observed exploitation attempts dating back to October 17. Also the CEO of Cloudflare said they've seen it be attempted millions of times within several hours of the release. I mean serious what the fuq...
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
Thrilled to share my latest research on AI-assisted cyberattacks and the ARTEX hacking framework! What initially appeared to be AI-assisted attacks targeting South Korean banks turned out to be part of a much broader operation spanning multiple countries and industries. My investigation revealed a financially motivated campaign leveraging ARTEX to pursue various monetization opportunities, including stealing customer data, reverse-engineering Android applications to identify vulnerabilities, and even attempting to acquire free NFT tokens. AI is accelerating the speed and scale of cyberattacks, even when attackers rely on known vulnerabilities, enabling broader targeting and faster exploitation. A closer look at the attacker's infrastructure, AI-assisted operations, and financial motives: zscaler.com/blogs/security-r…
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Arda Büyükkaya retweeted
PHP exploitation attempts hit AWS honeypots four days before disclosure, and all we get for IOCs is six IPs like it’s 2003. can someone put some honeypots behind finch (github.com/0x4D31/finch) or something so we get actual telemetry, at least until the @GreyNoiseIO folks get back to work?
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This seems bad.
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