#NewSpeciesAlert - 𝑁𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑎, a remarkable new species (and genus) of miniature osphronemid is described from an undisclosed area near Huế in Central Vietnam. Collected mature specimens ranged from 15mm to 18mm in size (SL), making this species currently the smallest known anabantoid. The authors' phylogenetic analysis indicates that 𝑁𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠 is the sister group of the genus 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑠, the croaking gouramis. 🔓 lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/rbz/nanosp… 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲 𝑁𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑎, a remarkable new genus and species of miniature osphronemid from Vietnam (Teleostei: Anabantoidei: Osphronemidae) 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Ralf Britz, Heok Hui Tan & Lukas Rüber, 𝑁𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑎, a remarkable new genus and species of miniature osphronemid from Vietnam (Teleostei: Anabantoidei: Osphronemidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 74: 606–623. July 2026. DOI: doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2026-00… 𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁 A new genus and species of miniature labyrinth fish of the family Osphronemidae, 𝑁𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑎, is described from Vietnam. It differs from all other genera of anabantoids by a unique dorsal- and anal-fin ray count, a unique colour pattern and a number of unique or highly unusual skeletal characters. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that 𝑁𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠 is the sister group of the genus 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑠, the croaking gouramis. 𝗘𝘁𝘆𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 𝑁𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠 - the new genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek word, νάνος, meaning dwarf, combined with the name 𝑂𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠, the type genus of the family Osphronemidae, to which this new genus belongs. Gender: masculine. The name alludes to the tiny size of this new fish, which makes it one of the smallest anabantoids known to date. 𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑎 - the species name is derived from the Latin word for jewel, ‘gemma’, alluding to the stunning colouration of sexually mature males. A noun in appositon. 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘁 𝑁𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑚𝑎, live colouration, not preserved, all ca. 16 mm SL in lateral view. a, putative female above, note absence of red stripe in dorsal half; b, putative male in normal colouration, note presence of red stripe above and darker pigmentation below midlateral stripe; c, putative male in breeding colouration, note overall darker colouration of body and also fins, presence of bright red stripe and highly iridescent scales in mid-lateral stripe and below on head and body. © 2026 the Author(s). Published in the journal Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. An open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) deed. creativecommons.org/licenses… #NewSpecies #Ichthyology #Taxonomy #Biodiversity #AquariumHobby #Fishkeeping #Aquarist #TropicalFish #FishTank #Nanosphronemus #Vietnam #Osphronemidae #NewGenusAlert