I loved this thought provoking article by Niall Ferguson, but I feel like he is arguing with the Banks’ based Culture brochure that Elon quoted in his recent interview, and not really with the content of the Culture books. (I am an absolute fan of the Culture series; mad fun!)
As I have interpreted, Banks required a post-scarcity economy so he could write what happens after the material problems are gone. Inside the Culture there is no money, work is optional, and the Minds can give you almost anything you can imagine. That part is utopian, and it’s the only part Ferguson is attacking.
But, the novels themselves live in the leftover human trouble.
‘Contact’ exists because mere enjoyment would feel empty; citizens still need to feel useful, so they go meddle (typical of the human condition: we are genocidal, murdering bastards most of the time).
‘Special Circumstances’ does the dirty work in what one character calls the moral equivalent of black holes.
Gurgeh in The Player of Games is a restless champion who has to be pushed out of paradise and used as a pawn to collapse an empire.
Zakalwe in Use of Weapons is a broken mercenary the Culture will not quite own.
Look to Windward is about guilt after an intervention by the Culture.
Surface Detail is about virtual hells and how far a “good” civilization will go when the suffering is offstage.
So, in my opinion the Culture is utopian as an economy but tragicomic as a psychology and a foreign policy.
Banks built this garden so he could watch people walk out of it, and watch the garden’s caretakers start wars in other people’s yards.
I don’t think Banks was ever convinced that humanity could ever become the Culture. All his stories are a commentary on how the human condition looks for trouble despite utopian facilities.
The novels are mostly about what a hyperpower does when it is too rich to need anything and still cannot stop intervening, and about individuals who cannot live inside perfection. (Sounds familiar?!)
As regards
@elonmusk , I am inspired by all that he is building, and I believe he only uses the Culture novels as narrative support to simplify conveying his ambitions.
Overall, I highly recommend reading the Culture series.
Forget about an AI utopia of effortless abundance. Get ready for the messy, unintended consequences foreseen by science fiction’s arch-realist,
@nealstephenson.