Forgotten technology | Early aeronautics | Innovation and its cultural context | Aerospace engineer

United States
Joined November 2019
Practice Fight of the Dutch Fleet in Honor of Tsar Peter the Great. Maritime display with several dozen ships, organized by the city of Amsterdam during Peter's Grand Embassy in 1697.
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Dr. Liz | Ars Ingenii retweeted
In the pre-modern world, purple color was seen as a status symbol as it was incredibly expensive to make. Until this guy named William Henry Perkin accidentally discovered how to make synthetic purple dye in 1856. Millennia of elite status of purple color gone just like that.
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This VOC ship was built with Peter the Great's active, hands-on participation. In 1698, the Tsar even received an apprenticeship certificate from Dutch master shipbuilder Gerrit Claesz Pool. It states that "Peter Michaeloff" had worked at the VOC shipyard for about four and a half months. He was described as a hardworking and competent carpenter while helping build the Pieter en Paul, a frigate over 100 feet long. Image: Tsar Peter the Great aboard his yacht on the way to the Pieter en Paul. Peter is on the right, aboard his yacht. The VOC frigate Pieter en Paul is in the center. Workshop of Abraham Storck, circa 1698–1708. Amsterdam Museum.
A very interesting historic fact is that the Dutch were crucial in shaping modern Russian navy, as Russians basically learned the know-how from the Dutch in late 17th century. Peter the Great personally went to Netherlands to work with Dutch shipbuilders. Russia had almost no professional navy or shipbuilding tradition beforehand. Because of this the famous Tsar Peter the Great recruited large numbers of Dutch shipwrights, carpenters, sailors, and officers, ordered ships from Dutch yards. The Russians also imported Dutch practical methods and terminology, to the point where many Dutch nautical terms are still in use in Russian today. But regarding the photo posted by Liz, it's funny that Peter the Great actually hated ceremonies like this and preferred to work with Dutch shipbuilders as one of the regular carpenters, so that he would learn from them, even traveling incognito and introducing himself simply as Peter Mikhailov. Peter the Great was exceptionally tall (over 2 meters or roughly 6'7"-6'8"), so him pretending he was someone else was more to have an excuse to skip ceremonies rather than to actually try to fool people.
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Dr. Liz | Ars Ingenii retweeted
It's underrated how much Italian engineers influenced warfare in 16th century Europe by designing these elaborate bastion forts adapted to new gunpowder warfare. They were working on forts all over Europe, with over 60 Italian engineers in Low Countries alone in 16th century.
The citadel of Antwerp, built on the orders of the Duke of Alba in 1567–1572. Designed by Francesco Paciotto, it was an early example of the complete Italian bastioned system of fortification outside Italy. It survived, with additional outlying fortifications, into the 19th century, when it underwent its last siege by the French army in 1832. Image: Citadel of Antwerp, around 1710. BnF/Gallica.
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Dr. Liz | Ars Ingenii retweeted
A very interesting historic fact is that the Dutch were crucial in shaping modern Russian navy, as Russians basically learned the know-how from the Dutch in late 17th century. Peter the Great personally went to Netherlands to work with Dutch shipbuilders. Russia had almost no professional navy or shipbuilding tradition beforehand. Because of this the famous Tsar Peter the Great recruited large numbers of Dutch shipwrights, carpenters, sailors, and officers, ordered ships from Dutch yards. The Russians also imported Dutch practical methods and terminology, to the point where many Dutch nautical terms are still in use in Russian today. But regarding the photo posted by Liz, it's funny that Peter the Great actually hated ceremonies like this and preferred to work with Dutch shipbuilders as one of the regular carpenters, so that he would learn from them, even traveling incognito and introducing himself simply as Peter Mikhailov. Peter the Great was exceptionally tall (over 2 meters or roughly 6'7"-6'8"), so him pretending he was someone else was more to have an excuse to skip ceremonies rather than to actually try to fool people.
Practice Fight of the Dutch Fleet in Honor of Tsar Peter the Great. Maritime display with several dozen ships, organized by the city of Amsterdam during Peter's Grand Embassy in 1697.
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There were also the "Streltsy of the Patriarch". They served as the Patriarch's personal guard and, at least under Patriarch Nikon, sometimes acted as a kind of ecclesiastical "moral police", patrolling the city and arresting priests and monks found drunk.
A depiction of a 17th century Russian strelets armed with a musket and a bardiche for close combat fighting. These troops were initially formed around 1550 by Ivan the Terrible as an elite Russian professional firearm infantry. By 17th century streltsy became a larger hereditary military caste as service became lifelong and passed down in families. They lived in special settlements (slobody) and received pay or land. However due to meager means of living they started combining their military life with trade, crafts, and farming to survive. This dual civilian-military life gradually decreased their military effectiveness and their importance declined in 17th century as Western-style regiments expanded and took over most campaign roles, while the streltsy increasingly served as garrison and police forces. The discontent streltsy revolted twice over pay and status, and after their second revolt in 1698, Peter the Great essentially crushed them, executing and deporting many of them. Streltsy can ultimately be seen as a transition of Russian military into early modern age. Troops with a very interesting aesthetic that eventually outlived their purpose.
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Armed Three-master with Daedalus and Icarus in the Sky. Love the juxtaposition. Frans Huys, after Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1560s. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
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Dr. Liz | Ars Ingenii retweeted
🧵1/8: Revolutionary innovation. Savage competition. John La Farge and Louis Comfort Tiffany crafting and battling their way through the Gilded Age is a very American story.
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229 years ago.
The first parachute descent from a balloon was performed in Paris on October 22, 1797. The thought of a parachute apparently came to André-Jacques Garnerin while he was held by the Austrians as a prisoner of war, as one potential way to escape. His 7 m-wide parachute had rigid ribs, folded up like an umbrella, and had a basket beneath it. More ⬇️
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Dr. Liz | Ars Ingenii retweeted
Given it's Trafalgar Day, it's worth remembering Henry Aston Barker's long lost 30 ft tall 90 ft in diameter (~283 ft long) panorama painting of the battle that was displayed between May 1806 and May 1807 at the the Leicester Square rotunda. publicdomainreview.org/essay…
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“They looted everything they could find, burned the wallpapers and the designs and even bonds, ransacked the gardens and cut down trees. The house was splendidly furnished—mirrors, books, chests, tables, everything was smashed and thrown out the windows. Réveillon and his wife and children escaped over the garden wall.” Marquis de Ferrières, on the Réveillon Riot (April 28, 1789). This was the bloodiest riot of late pre-Revolutionary France and a sign of what was yet to come. And it took place on the very same site where, just six years earlier, the first human ascent in a hot-air balloon had taken place. The full story ⬇️
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Jean-Baptiste Réveillon: Aerostats and a Bloody Riot. substack.com/@drlizengineer/…
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The unforgettable aesthetics of the first hot-air balloons stemmed from wallpaper patterns. The wallpaper maker was Jean-Baptiste Réveillon. Even the first tethered manned flights took place in October 1783 in the garden of his house. Réveillon knew the Montgolfier brothers through their connections to the papermaking industry. An intellectually curious and innovative man himself, he gladly offered La Folie Titon, his home and production facility in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine in Paris, for their experiments. The balloons were built there with the help of Réveillon’s workers, using his materials and benefiting from Réveillon’s own around-the-clock support. Image: BnF/Gallica
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Trades: Papermaking. Sizing. Shown here is the treatment of paper with gelatinous animal glue to reduce its absorbency. Encyclopédie by Diderot & d’Alembert. Bibliothèque Mazarine.
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The Louvre is always overcrowded with tourists. No wonder students went on strike.
🇫🇷 Chers visiteurs, en raison d’un mouvement social étudiant, le musée est fermé pour le moment. Nous vous prions de nous excuser de la gêne occasionnée. 🌍Dear visitors, due to student strikes the museum is currently closed. We apologise for the inconvenience.
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The site of the Château de Marly in 1724 and today. The private estate of Louis XIV, with magnificent fountains. An important part of the enormous Marly/Versailles hydraulic system. Destroyed in the aftermath of the Revolution.
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Limoges, the historic center of the French porcelain industry. I’m so sorry.
This quoted post is unavailable.
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Greetings from 1926. A London Underground advertisement with a very airborne view of the future. London Transport Museum
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Monster Mortar photograph. Belgian Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage. This is probably the second one, cast in 1834, since the original was destroyed in the 1833 accident.
This enormous mortar, one of the largest ever made, was bombarding the citadel of Antwerp in December 1832. Known as the "Monster Mortar" (or "Leopold"), it had a caliber of 610 mm and fired mortar bombs weighing about 500 kg (1100 lb). It was designed by the French artillery officer and military engineer Henri-Joseph Paixhans and cast at the Belgian Royal Cannon Foundry in Liège. Despite its limited rate of fire, it caused considerable damage during the siege. The mortar later burst during a test firing in 1833.
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