
Open Source Reporter. Founder and CEO of FactFinder: an online OSINT school for investigators. Formerly @UCBerkeleyIRP & @hrcberkeley.
- Tweets1.9K
- Following2.7K
- Followers22.5K
- Likes26.5K

🇺🇸

ALT Diagram explaining how the timing between a bullet’s supersonic shock wave (“crack”) and the muzzle blast (“pop”) can be used to estimate the distance between a shooter and a microphone. Three scenarios (T₁, T₂, T₃) show a rifle firing a supersonic bullet past a microphone. In each scenario, the ballistic shock wave cone reaches the microphone before the slower muzzle blast sound. To the right of each diagram is a waveform: a sharp spike labeled the shock-wave “crack,” followed by a later cluster of peaks labeled the muzzle-blast “pop.” The time delay between these events (t_d1, t_d2, t_d3) increases as the microphone is positioned farther downrange. A formula shows distance = t_d / (1/c − 1/v), where c is the speed of sound and v is bullet speed. Text boxes explain: “Downrange timing between shock wave ‘crack’ and muzzle blast ‘pop’ gives distance estimate between shooter and microphone,” and “For investigation of Trump assassination attempt: microphone signal was from the lectern.”


























