Centuries prior to Christopher Columbus's voyage across the Atlantic, approximately 100 Vikings established a settlement in a peat bog at the northern tip of Newfoundland. They erected eight structures and encircled their dwellings with a timber perimeter wall, insulating their roofs with sod. Within this community, they engaged in hunting, ship repairs, trade, and occasional conflicts with the Indigenous inhabitants of the region. Remarkably, they utilized metal axes, a tool previously absent in North America. Though the existence of this settlement has been known to researchers for some time, the precise timeline of their occupation had remained elusive. However, a recent analysis of wood fragments cut with metal tools found at the site has provided a definitive date. By counting tree rings following a cosmic ray event in 993, it has been determined that the Vikings were in North America by at least 1021, precisely a millennium ago.