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Bitcoin is social consensus around the idea of following a default rule (heaviest chain) to keep agreement around something (a global ledger of value) for which there would normally be very little agreement.
It's just a default rule, that can be overridden at any time when there is social consensus around something else. If there was social consensus for deleting bitcoin, it would be gone in a split second and it would be hard to prove it ever existed.
In the early days, in presence of a catastrophic bug and with the full agreement of the very few participants, the rule was neglected, and patched. It's a human tool after all, therefore human agreement is always king, when it exists.
However, despite being just a default rule, it can become an incredibly sticky one, because of the well known difficulty of humans to take any kind of coherent and durable collective decisions, especially at a global scale. Newspapers contain very little traces of social consensus. And when alternatives are shaky and not immediate, the default rule easily becomes the only rule.
So while it may sound like a contradiction, I think bitcoin exists thanks to a form of social consensus, but is also nourished by a total lack of it.
If your cold wallet requires you to connect it via USB to an app downloaded from the internet, then it's not a cold wallet.
Bit Cat retweeted
“A cryptographic proof performed directly by the hardware chip is infinitely more secure than a physical sticker.” @Ledger_Support
That did not age well... Frankly that's so wrong it's kinda fraudulent. _Obviously_ the UI is vulnerable. I warned about this years ago.
Replying to @HeyTaiZen
Hi there, instead of relying on a sticker, Ledger uses Cryptographic Attestation.
Every time you connect a device to Ledger Wallet, the software sends a cryptographic challenge directly to the Secure Element chip. If the hardware, chip, or internal firmware has been modified or altered during manufacturing/shipping, the cryptographic check fails, and the app will flag the device as non-genuine.
The Secure Element chip is designed to detect physical tampering and will refuse to execute unsigned code or pass the genuine check if extra hardware attempts to intercept signals.
A cryptographic proof performed directly by the hardware chip is infinitely more secure than a physical sticker.
So this Navier-Stokes OAI saga has so far 1) sparked an entire new interest for mathematics by the general public, and 2) triggered experts to ask even more research questions (such as "is this external-force solution the only possible blow-up?")
Not bad for something that was supposed to destroy the field.
In yet another sign of AI’s surging dominance over human minds, OpenAI recently claimed to solve one of math’s biggest questions: the Navier-Stokes problem. But now three mathematicians have showed OpenAI’s work dodges the question rather than solving it.
spklr.io/6011ETxdU
You can either think that mathematics is completely useless, or that it solves real problems. If you think it solves real problems (maybe not every single theorem, maybe not immediately, but still), then there seems to be no reason to slow it down, provided it's even possible.
I think a token being on L1 vs L2 is not a binary thing, it comes in shades. Relevant questions are: a) do all txs go through the L1? b) does the L1 validate all the business logic? c) can I instantly verify what an indexer tells me? d) if all indexers suddenly disappear, do I lose my tokens?
The more answers are yes, the closer you are to the L1.
Who was keeping money in Liquid, and why? Like what's the point. I can understand keeping some change in Lightning, as some rare merchants accept it. But Liquid? Ever seen a "Liquid accepted here" sign?
After sending some BTC to @coinbase they flagged the tx and asked me to prove I own the wallet by sending a specific amount from the same address.
But the tx came from 3 different addresses that no longer exist (cause they are now spent, of course, and wallets never reuse addresses). Spoke to customer support who has no idea what I'm talking about. @coinbase do you know how bitcoin works?
It's interesting that even very knowledgeable figures have important misconceptions about bitcoin's fee market. In particular, they believe that it somehow self corrects towards the security desired by its users.
Replying to @giacomozucco
> We have it. It's fees. If the market values faster on chain finality, it can buy it. If not, it's by definition a non-issue.
I don't really agree with that. Sure you can bump your fee for faster inclusion of your tx into a block, but you can't influence its finality (i.e. when it will be buried under enough work for you to be comfortable). That depends on the protocol design and the behavior of everyone else.
You may say "but the market can decide that collectively" and I'm not convinced that's true either because there's a big coordination problem. Suppose there's more block space than demand for it (like now). Miners will include your tx into the next block even if you pay almost nothing, cause there's space for everyone, and your tx always makes them more rewards even if it pays a minimal fee. Even if we all agreed as users that we'd be collectively better off and more secure by paying 100 sat/vB each, nobody has any interest in doing it first and has rather all interest in deviating from it if other people do it. If block subsidies were zero, this leads to a zero hashrate equilibrium even it is in nobody's interest.
Isn't it mind blowing that you can throw a dice a few hundred times and almost certainly generate a sequence that's never be found anywhere in the universe since its inception and possibly till its end? And it only took you a couple minutes??
When you reject tail emissions on bitcoin, you should also explain how it remains secure with exponentially decreasing subsidies and 0 sat/vB.
Money is a coordination game. Coordinating around the best technology makes little sense cause that's partly subjective and changes every year and tech rarely holds monetary value over time.
Coordinating around social criteria such as "the first cryptocurrency" has worked slightly better, cause even with AI you can't easily create more of that. But that destroys innovation and leads to civil wars over trivialities.
Coordination markets such as @hashdag's staghunt idea might help us adopt better money faster. Although the sudden migrations that it might trigger could increase volatility and leave many people behind.
A few weeks ago I proposed to the Kas-Smiths community the design of a completely decentralized L1 prediction market, where anybody can open a new market and no special entity is required to resolve it.
Now I've refined it and added a proof of why it could actually work: drive.google.com/file/d/1uUC…
Bit Cat retweeted
After a lot of hard work, I'm glad to finally announce my new YouTube channel, Parallel Thoughts, and our inaugural video about Vladimir Arnold and the rainbow.
youtube.com/watch?v=ZJH-5LLw…
I just realized that you can't simply generate a seed by picking random words using a dice.
The BIP39 standard imposes a checksum constraint, so you always need to rely on some firmware, unless you can compute SHA256 with pen and paper.
Bit Cat retweeted
My feed is full of Kaspa again, so I assume they fixed the algo (for now)...
So if you can see this and you think this could be useful in the future to someone, please share it.
There is no point in continuing using this app if nobody can find the info.
github.com/kaspaFacts/kaspa-…
They say Strategy can't be liquidated, in reality it just slowly liquidates itself, sending bitcoin further down every week. Interests due are perpetual so this is just the beginning, much worse than a single FTX-style explosion which would attract fresh capital right after.
Strategy has sold 3,588 $BTC for $216 million to fund dividends on our Digital Credit securities. As of 7/5/2026, we hodl ₿843,775 in our BTC Reserves and $2.55 billion in our USD Reserves. strategy.com/press/strategy-…
This summarizes the state of American culture. 1) they see no problem with a president picking up the phone and changing the course of a tournament. 2) they believe the world of football is scared of "Belogun", someone they've probably heard about today for the first time.
If you guys don't like binary rules, then make it smooth with fractional scores. If only 10% of your body was offside then your goal will count as 0.9.














