
Bioregionalism | The Indian Sub-Continent | Integrated Systems | [email protected]
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Cardamom is one of the oldest & most exotic spices and rightly deserves the name “Queen of Spices”. It belongs to the ginger family. The use of this spice dates back to at least 4000 years. Chanakya’s Arthashatra, written in 4th Century BC, has discussed explicitly cardamom as "A green pearl found in the banks of the river Periyar in the South West mountains" they used to call is "Chaurnayam." Amarakosha - a vocabulary of Sanskrit roots written by "Amarasimha," a Buddhist from the 8th Century AD, has mentioned different names of cardamom. There has been mention of cardamom used as a medicinal ingredient in many Ayurveda books since 1000 BC.
Originally, cardamom grew wildly along the Western Ghats in South India. This region even to this day is known as Cardamom Hills. It was a native produce of the forest and was considered as a natural wild plant, which was harvested by the tribal community during their commute through the jungle for food. It was sun-dried and traded villagers for cloth and salt. The villagers near to the forests bought it to merchants who took it to the port and traded it to maritime sailors who arrived at different ports on the Malabar coast.
Outside India, the uses of cardamom have been recorded since the Pyramid age of Egypt. They used it as a medicinal ingredient, a mouth freshener and even as an ingredient for the oils used for the mummification process. Some accounts state the mentioning of aromatic oils in the Bible is considered to be prepared with the base as cardamom. Cardamom reached the Romans and the Greek via Arabia. Amomum and Kardamum refer to the cardamom that came from the southern Hills of modern day India.
#archaeohistories
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Magic Vetiver Roots!
We know the cooling properties of Vetiver. But do you know the magic of Vetiver when planted around water bodies?
Prof Ravikumar, TNAU, Coimbatore explains this at a seminar conducted by Cauvery Calling team at Trichy on March 22nd.
Its deep incredibly dense roots act as a natural "sieve" that lets water through but traps silt! When water flows across a pond, it picks up fine soil particles (silt).
If this water enters the pond directly, the silt settles at the bottom, creating a sealing effect that ruins the pond's primary functions. This stops water from soaking into the earth effectively. Planting Vetiver (Khus) around the pond is most effective way to manage silt and stop it before it enters the pond.
Professor says that as a model of its utility, at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, they have planted Vetiver completely around their pond.
Vetiver has high economic value and it can be harvested and sold also.
Its such a wonder plant!
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#DidYouKnow Ganjam, Odisha accounts for nearly 80-90% of India’s kewda production, supporting a thriving local economy.
From biryanis to sweets across India, the soothing aroma of kewda often traces its roots back to Odisha.
And here’s the unique distinction: Odisha is the only state in India with GI tags for both Kewda Flower and Kewda Rooh.
A true aromatic pride of Odisha.
This is how kewda essence is extracted in Ganjam using traditional steam distillation process ("bhatti" system). 👇
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The story of Tom Brown, the retired engineer that became 'apple hunter', rescuing over 1,000 'lost' varieties in the last 25 years
Retired chemical engineer, he began his quest to find and preserve lost apple varieties around more than 25 years ago.
The man who owns an apple orchard called Heritage Apples in Clemmons, North Carolina, USA has re-discovered over 1000 rare varieties of apples.
His Heritage Apples showcase at least 600 of them. He has been working so that the heirloom apples of Appalachia in the Eastern United States do not disappear with time.
Popularly known as the Apple-Hunter, Tom grows around 60 varieties of apples each year on his farm and sells around 1000 trees. To encourage more preservation, Brown offers to discounts on the purchase of rarer heritage varieties. Trees from Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina and a few other places have found their forever homes in his orchard.
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A Portable Water Treatment System Built from Simple Materials
This image illustrates how clean drinking water can be produced using a small, portable treatment setup made from basic containers and natural filtering layers.
Designed for areas without reliable infrastructure, this type of system demonstrates how water can be gradually cleaned through multiple stages before it becomes safe to store and use.
Step-by-Step Natural Filtration
Water moves through a sequence of containers, each serving a specific purpose.
In the first stage, larger debris and sediment are removed as water passes through gravel and coarse materials.
This initial filtering step prevents clogging and protects the later stages.
Next, the water flows into a sand-based filter.
Fine sand slows the water down, allowing tiny particles and organic matter to settle out.
Over time, beneficial microorganisms form within the sand, helping break down harmful pathogens naturally.
Improving Taste and Clarity
After sand filtration, water enters a charcoal-based stage.
Charcoal absorbs odors, chemicals, and remaining impurities, significantly improving both clarity and taste.
This step is especially important for removing contaminants that aren’t visible to the eye.
Safe Storage After Treatment
Once filtered, the water is collected in a clean storage container.
Keeping treated water separate prevents recontamination and ensures it remains safe until use.
Covered containers and clean outlets help protect the final supply.
Designed for Flexibility and Mobility
Because the system uses simple barrels and gravity-fed flow, it can be assembled quickly and moved as needed.
It does not require electricity, complex tools, or permanent installation, making it ideal for remote locations, emergency situations, or temporary camps.
A Practical Solution for Water Access
This type of setup shows how layered filtration can dramatically improve water quality using accessible materials.
While not a replacement for large-scale treatment plants, it provides a reliable option where clean water is scarce.
Working With Nature to Solve a Critical Need
By combining gravity, natural filtration, and thoughtful design, this system demonstrates how clean water can be achieved without advanced technology.
It’s a powerful reminder that simple, well-planned solutions can make a life-changing difference.
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This male sumatran orangutan is Raku: he got a wound on his right cheek. Scientists were surprised to spot him applying a medicinal plant on his face: akar kuning (Fibranaurea tinctoria), a type of climbing vine that acts as an analgesic.
After about 8 days he applied the chewed stems and leaves of the plant, the wound began to heal and in approximately a month he completely recovered.
This series of observations undoubtedly constitutes the conclusive proof of the level of ingenuity that these majestic animals have.
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|| Traditional South Indian Remedy for Kidney Stones & Burning Urination ||
This is a centuries-old folk remedy used in Tamil Nadu Kerala and Karnataka for small kidney stones, burning urination and urinary heat.
The soft stem of the banana plant is naturally cooling, diuretic and helps improve urine flow.
★ Why It Helps
✅Cooling & Pitta-reducing
✅Improves urine flow
✅Helps flush out small stones
✅Reduces burning urination
✅Gentle and easy to digest
Ingredients:
🪄Soft inner banana stem
🪄1 tsp Jeera (cumin)
🪄1 tsp Methi (fenugreek)
🪄Banana leaf for wrapping
★ How It's Traditionally Prepared -
Select a banana tree which is already harvested. Cut the stem. Then remove the soft inner stem. The hollow soft inner stem is filled with jeera and methi, wrapped tightly with a banana leaf, and kept overnight.
By morning, cooling water collects inside, enriched with the properties of the stem and spices. You can always filter the banana stem water before drinking. Normally banana water collects in 4-5 hours if you want to make it in day time.
✴️How to Take for Kidney Stones
✔️100-150 ml fresh banana stem water
✔️Morning on an empty stomach
Continue for 7-14 days (or until symptoms ease)
✔️Helps especially with small stones, burning urination, and improving urine flow
✔️Drink plenty of warm water throughout the day for better flushing
‼️Note‼️
This remedy is not a substitute for medical care in:
Large or stubborn stones
Severe flank pain
Fever, vomiting, or urinary blockage
A gentle, natural, and time-tested remedy passed down through generations in South Indian households
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Ancient India, starting in Indus Valley's civilization, innovated the use of the beautiful Indigo dye on clothing, making colored clothes.
But to make Indigo stick, they used a chemical process where Cow Urine was used to ferment the Indigo to make it into the Leucoindigo form that sticks to the fabric. Great chemistry invention.
This Indigo method and tech was later borrowed by the west, like so much other Indian knowledge, and reached Rome who were trading with India and paid in gold for the Indigo.
When you travel to Greece and Rome, and see those beautiful wall and ceramic pigments that contain indigo‑derived blue hues, remember this - they were imported from India (or from intermediate trade hubs that sourced the dye from India).
But instead of cow urine, ancient Romans extensively used human urine in daily life and industries, valuing it as "liquid gold" for its ammonia content (from urea breakdown during fermentation).
Public collection vessels were placed in streets of Rome and public spaces, with emperor Vespasian even taxing urine sales - a practice so notable it inspired the phrase "money doesn't smell" after his son tiitus complained about the odor.
While Indians valued cow urine for its ammonia content providing cleaning, bleaching, and mordanting properties, Romans not having access to much cattle like India, used human urine for the same purposes.
Indian cattle forms the foundation of almost all of today's world's cattle breeds for dairy and meat. Brahman (Americas), Nelore (Brazil), Gyr (Brazil), Kankrej (Australia), Sahiwal (Australia, Kenya).
In 12th – 13th centuries , Zebu breeds from India are introduced in larger quantities to the Iberian Peninsula and southern Italy by Arab traders similar to Indian mathematics and astronomy.
Later the water buffalo too was introduced. And European cheese making takes a new turn. From sheep based cheeses, cow and buffalo milk cheeses start appearing in plenty. The current diversity of cheeses in Europe is a result of this 12th century change.
So when you enjoy a buffalo or cow's milk cheese in Europe looking at a beautiful Indigo stained glass or wall tiles, appreciating a Fibonacci or Leonardo's work, remember the Indian contributions for 3000 years.
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Promotion of indigenous rice varieties is need of the hour. No GMO rice. No "extra long grain basmati". Till 1965, Bengal had 5000+ different rice variants.
Manasamangal itself lists 65 different variants.
Quoting a few variants as listed by Kamini Kumar Roy in Loukik Shabdokosh.
সিন্দুরকৌটা, সিন্দুরমুখী, সীতালক্ষ্মী, সীতাশাল, সীতাহার, সুকুই, সুধাভোগ, সুনি, সুন্দরী, সুবর্ণখঙ্গ, সুলতানচাঁপা, সূর্যভোগ, সূর্যমণি, সূর্যমুখী, সোনা, সোনাখড়কে, সোনাগাজি, সোনাদীঘা, সোনামুখী, সোমরা, হনুমানজটা, হরগৌরী, হরকালী, হরিকালী, হরিভোগ, হরিমতি, হরিরাজ, হরিশঙ্কর, হলদিয়া বারুক, হলুদগুড়া, হাতিকান, হাতিদাঁত, হাতিনাদ, হাতিপাঞ্জর, হাতিশাল, হামাই, হালনি, হিঞ্জি, হীরাশাল, হুপানি, হোগলা,বাঁকতুলসী, বাঁকশালি, বাঁকুই, বাগড়ি, বাগইনবিচি, বাঘানেপা, বাজাই, বাজোল, বাদ, বাদরাঙ্গি, বাদশাপসন্দ, বাদশাভোগ, বাদাই, বাদাল, বামুনভোগ, বালাম, বাঁশগজা, বাঁশগজাল, বাঁশফুল, বাসকামিনী, বাসমতি, বিন্ধ্যশালি, বিন্নাফুলি, বিরই, বিরইন, বিরি, বিরুটি, বিষ্ণুভোগ, কুঁচি, বুড়ামাতা, বেতো, বেনাফুল, বোয়ালি, বৌভোগ, ভবানীভোগ, ভাদ্রমুখী, ভাসা, ভাসাকলম, ভাসামানিক, ভোগজিরা, ভোগরাজ, ভোমরকানু, মউলতা, মতিহার, মধুমালতী, ময়ূরপঙ্ক্ষী, মরিচশাল, মহিশাদল, মহারাজা, মহিষানাদ, মহীপাল, মাকু, মাঝিশাল, মাতলা, মাধবলতা, মানিকশোভা, মালশিরা, মুক্তাঝুড়ি, মুক্তাশালি, মুক্তাহার, মেঘনাল, মেটে, মোল্লাজটা, যশোয়া, যাত্রামুকুট, রক্তশালি, রণজয়, রাইমণি, রাঙামাটি, রাঙ্গি, রাঙ্গিশাল, রাজকিশোর, রাজদল, রাজভোগ, রাজমহল, রাজামণ্ডল, রাঁধুনিপাগল, রানিপাগল, রাবণ, রামকানাই, রামশালি, রায়গড়, রায়দা, রূপনারায়ণ, রূপশাল, লক্ষ্মীকাজল, লক্ষ্মীচূড়া, লক্ষ্মীদীঘা, লখনা, লতামৌ, লাউফলা, লাউশালি, লাকি, লাঠিশাল, লাল, লালকামিনী, লালবন্দ, লীলাবতী, লোটন, লোয়াগড়া, লোয়াডাং, লোহাজাং, শঙ্করচিনা, শঙ্করজটা, শঙ্করমুখী, শঙ্খনাদ, শনফুলি, শশীবালাম, শিবজটা, শিয়ালরাজা, শীতলজিরা, শুয়াশালি, শোলপনা, সজনী, সন্ধ্যামণি, সমুদ্রফেনা, সমুদ্রবালি, সরচাঁপা, সাঁচি, সলকয়া, গনাই, গড়িয়া, গন্ধতুলসী, গন্ধমাধব, গন্ধমালতী গন্ধমুরারী, গন্ধরাজ, গন্ধেশ্বরী, গয়াবালি, গানজিরা, গুজরা, গুড়গুড়ি, গুয়াশালি, গৃহিণীপাগল, গোপালভোগ, গোবিন্দভোগ, গোলাপসরু, গৌতম/গোতম, গৌরাঙ্গশাল, গৌরী, গৌরীকাজল, ঘিকলা, ঘিশালি, ঘেকতকলা, ঘোড়াসাল, চন্দনকাঠি, চন্দনচূড়া, চন্দনশালি, চন্দ্রফুলি, চরণজী, চন্দ্রমণি, চামরমণি, চামরশালি, চিত্তরাঙ্গি, চিত্রশালি, চিনিসাগর, চেঙ্গা, চেঙ্গোরাঙ্গি, ছত্রশালি, ছাঁচিমোল, ছায়াচুড়, ছিলেট, জগন্নাথশালি, জটাশালি, জনকরায়, জলি, জামাইনাডু, জামাইভোগ, জোড়মাধব, ঝরা, ঝাঁঝি, ঝুলন, ঝিঙাসাল, ঠাকুরভোগ, ডগড়াশাল, ডহরনাগরা, ডুমুরকাঁদি, তিলসাগরী, তুলসী, তুলসীমঞ্জরী, তুলসীমুকুল, তুলসীমালা, তুলসীহন্তা, তুলাইপাঞ্জি, তুলাশালি, দল, দলকচুয়া, দাদখানি, দারাশালি, দাহিয়া, দুধকমল, দুধকলমা, দুধরাজ, দুধসর, দুধসাগর, দুধরাজ, দুর্গাভোগ, দেরাদুন, নন্দনশালি, নরদা, নাইওর, নাগি, নানা, নারিকেলফুল, নিমাই, নীলকণ্ঠী, নেনিয়া, নাগরা, নেয়ালি, নেলপাই, নোনাগাছি, নোনাবোগড়া, পক্ষীরাজ, পদ্মকেশরী, পদ্মরাজ, পর্বতজিরে, পাটনাই, পাটেশ্বর, পাতরা, পাতসাভোগ, পাতারকাতার, পানকলস, পানিশাইল, পানাতি, পায়রাউড়ি, পায়রারস, পারিজাত, পালকশাল, পিঁপড়াসারি, পেশোয়ারি, বংশীরাজ, বঙ্গেশ্বর, বচি, বনরাঙ্গি, বরণ, বলাইভোগ, বাঁকই, বাঁকচূড়,আঞ্জনলক্ষ্মী, অমৃতশালি, আকাশমণি, আগালি, অগ্নিশাল, আগুনবান, আঙুরশাল, আজান, আঁধারশালি, আমফপড়া, আসনলেয়া, আম্রমশাল, উড়কি, উড়াসাল, উড়ি, উড়িশাল, উত্তমশালি, উরুলা, ওড়কচু, কদমা, কনকচূড়, কপিলভোগ, কয়া, করমশাল, কপূরকাটি, কপূরখালি, কলমকাটি, কলমা, কার্তিক কলমা, কালো আঁচিল কলমা, কালোভূত কলমা, জটা কলমা, দুধ কলমা, নয়ান কলমা, ভূত কলমা, মানিক কলমা, কালামোচা, কাকুয়া, কাজলা, কাটারিভোগ, কাঁটারাঙ্গি, কাতি, কামদ/কাঁওদ, কামানি, কামিনী, কার্তিকা, কালিজিরা, কালোমানিক, কালিন্দী, কাশফুল, কুমারভোগ, কুসুমকলি, কৃষ্ণশালি, কেউটেশাল, কেওয়া, কেকোঁ, কেয়াপাতা, কৌতুকমণি, খয়েরচুর, খয়েরশালি, খাসকামানি, খিলই, খেজুরছড়া, খেজুরথপি, গঙ্গাজল, গজমুক্ত, গজালিয়া.......
@Gaudeshwar
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