$NWBO 𝗗𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰-𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝘃𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿-𝘃𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆. Thank you, Bruce, for encouraging people to speak up. @nytimes has now approved an additional comment highlighting Braelyn Hollensbe’s story, the published DCVax-L evidence and the barriers to American access. The reporting needs to examine that evidence and the reality facing families who must travel overseas for treatment already manufactured specifically for them. 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗲𝗹𝘆𝗻’𝘀 𝘃𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗮𝗹𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘆 𝗯𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗺𝗮𝗱𝗲. 𝗛𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗰𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗶𝘁. Approved comment: nytimes.com/shared/comment/4… #DCVax #DCVaxForBraelyn #GBM #CancerVaccines #Immunotherapy #PatientAccess

$NWBO $MRNA $MRK #ESMO26 #DCVax #DCVaxForBraelyn #GBM #CancerImmunotherapy 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮’𝘀 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗺𝗥𝗡𝗔 𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿-𝘃𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘀: 𝗳𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗞𝗲𝘆𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗱𝗮 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹. The Phase III INTerpath-001 results circulating today reported a recurrence-free survival hazard ratio of 0.58 for Moderna’s personalized mRNA vaccine plus pembrolizumab versus postoperative pembrolizumab alone. [1] The comparator matters. SWOG S1801 had already demonstrated improved outcomes in resectable stage III–IV melanoma by moving three pembrolizumab doses before surgery, while keeping the same planned total number of doses. No manufactured vaccine was added. Treatment timing changed. [2] Moderna’s trial did not compare its vaccine regimen against that neoadjuvant strategy. For patients eligible for preoperative immunotherapy, its additional benefit over that approach remains untested. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗴𝗼 𝗯𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗴. The initial recurrent-glioblastoma study reported median survival of 13.7 months with preoperative pembrolizumab versus 7.5 months with postoperative treatment. A subsequent neoadjuvant expansion cohort reported 6.8 months and did not confirm the initial survival advantage. [3] Earlier checkpoint blockade alone had not reliably reproduced the benefit. UCLA’s combination study investigated pembrolizumab alongside ATL-DC, its personalized tumor-lysate dendritic-cell vaccine, and poly-ICLC immune stimulation. In the IDH-wildtype subgroup reported at EANO 2026, patients receiving pembrolizumab before surgery and alongside vaccination had median overall survival of 271 days, approximately 8.9 months. Patients completing vaccination before pembrolizumab had median overall survival of 555 days, approximately 18.2 months. [4] 𝗠𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝗱𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗺𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹. 𝗜𝗻 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗴𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮. The groups contained 19 and 16 patients, respectively. The reported hazard ratio was 0.32, with p<0.0006. These conference findings came from an amended trial; both groups received dendritic-cell vaccination and checkpoint blockade. [4] Northwest is also a co-proprietor of granted European patent EP3065772B1, whose claim 6 specifies glioma-lysate dendritic-cell vaccination before a PD-1 inhibitor. [11] 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗼𝗯𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹𝗲. An Immunity paper states it directly: “Successful anti-PD-1 cancer immunotherapy requires T cell-dendritic cell crosstalk involving the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12.” Garris and colleagues showed that removing dendritic cells, neutralizing IL-12, or disrupting dendritic-cell sensing of interferon gamma prevented effective anti-PD-1 tumor control in their mouse experiments. The drug remained present. Its required cellular partnership had been disrupted. [5] Activated T cells release interferon gamma. Responsive dendritic cells produce IL-12. IL-12 reinforces the responding T cells. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴. The instructor supports the effector, and the effector signals back to sustain the instructor. The conversation continues inside the tumor, beyond initial priming. In human tumor-derived T cells, adding IL-12 to receptor stimulation increased interferon-gamma production in five of six patients’ samples. In mice, combining checkpoint blockade with dendritic-cell activation produced tumor rejection and protection against subsequent tumor challenge. [5] The baton is passed through a working feedback loop, with a route to immunological memory. 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝘄𝗵𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹’𝘀 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀. Type-1 polarization concerns the capacity to coordinate antigen presentation, costimulation and bioactive IL-12p70 production following appropriate activation. The target identifies what to recognize. Costimulation supports activation. Cytokine instruction helps determine the response that follows. Kalinski and Mailliard’s αDC1 research deliberately engineered mature antigen-presenting cells that respond to lymph-node homing signals while retaining IL-12p70-producing capacity. [6] Carreno’s research tested the distinction directly. Investigators retained the peptide target while changing dendritic-cell activation. In laboratory experiments, the revised signals restored deficient IL-12p70 production and improved antigen-specific T-cell expansion. [7] 𝗦𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝘁𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘁. 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. Moderna’s vaccine supplies instructions for making selected tumor antigens. Its benefit depends on the patient’s antigen-presenting machinery converting that information into effective immunity. Its protocol started pembrolizumab at randomization and added the vaccine when available. INTerpath-001 did not compare vaccine-first priming with checkpoint-first treatment. [1] UCLA’s results make that a concrete research question. Garris explains why the functional partnership deserves at least as much attention as the schedule. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗗𝗖𝗩𝗮𝘅-𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗯𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗱𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁. DCVax-L is Northwest’s commercially developed treatment within UCLA’s tumor-lysate dendritic-cell research lineage. It supplies personalized tumor material loaded into prepared antigen-presenting cells. [8] Northwest’s exclusive Kalinski licenses bring specific DC applications and upgrades into its portfolio, including technologies intended to enhance DC function and condition the tumor environment. The maturation research identifies the functional properties to preserve: effective antigen presentation coupled to appropriate type-1 instruction. [6,9] Eden addresses delivery at scale. Northwest reported that its automated Flaskworks development process produced DCVax-L with substantially comparable biological characteristics, cell function and dose yield to its manual process. The system is intended to expand manufacturing capacity while preserving the properties of the living-cell product. [10] The process can become more standardized while the tumor material remains patient-specific. 𝗧𝗼𝗱𝗮𝘆’𝘀 𝗺𝗥𝗡𝗔 𝗻𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗯𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘀 𝗮 𝘃𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀. A personalized vaccine must help establish, direct and sustain the cellular response that checkpoint blockade needs. DCVax-L makes the antigen-presenting cell part of the treatment. The case for developing combinations around that foundation is supported by the mechanism, the clinical sequencing signal and a manufacturing strategy designed to preserve living-cell function at scale. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆. 𝗡𝗼𝘄 𝗮𝘀𝗸: 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘀𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗯𝘂𝗶𝗹𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝘁? “Successful anti-PD-1 cancer immunotherapy requires T cell-dendritic cell crosstalk involving the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-12.” Sources: [1] Moderna, INTerpath-001: cslide.ctimeetingtech.com/es… [2] SWOG S1801: swog.org/news-events/news/20… [3] Pembrolizumab GBM expansion: nature.com/articles/s41467-0… [4] UCLA, EANO 2026: conpass.floq.live/kiosk/eano… [5] Garris, reciprocal licensing: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/article… [6] Type-1-polarized dendritic cells: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1534… [7] Dendritic-cell functional rescue: jci.org/articles/view/68395 [8] DCVax-L: doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.20… [9] Northwest’s Kalinski licenses: nwbio.com/northwest-biothera… [10] Flaskworks manufacturing: nwbio.com/northwest-biothera… [11] Granted combination patent, claims 1 and 6: patents.google.com/patent/EP…