
Zapping things ⚡ at @magratheametals. Electrochemical engineer. Prev. batteries @Tesla and PhD from @Cambridge_Uni.
San Francisco, USA
Joined July 2017
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- Following561
- Followers1.2K
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Jacob L Brown retweeted
Oh boy it’s coming…been a huge fan of sodium ion for a long time and golly it’s going to be crazy how much it changes storage in power systems when it’s produced at scale
CATL says they will mass-produce sodium-ion batteries this year.
Key advantages of sodium batteries:
- Sodium instead of lithium
- Hard carbon instead of graphite
- Aluminum instead of copper (mostly)
- Better safety
- Better cold performance
These will be particularly important for large-scale energy storage systems where energy density matters less.
Solar car! Obviously limited in terms of actual insolation on the 3 m2 of solar panel, but interesting to experiment with exactly how much range you could get each day.
This solar powered car is real. Sells in Thailand for $8,000 and gets you 55km of free range every day. youtu.be/Hk6aTKV-des?is=--Xn…
Jacob L Brown retweeted
People use vastly more stuff when it's cheap. It sounds completely obvious, but seeing the data mapped out across twelve orders of magnitude of volume and cost makes the trend incredibly striking. This is probably as close as you can get to a law in economics or manufacturing.
Jacob L Brown retweeted
Here’s a chart you almost never see in electricity circles: inflation adjusted average cost of electricity from the very beginning.
We’ve been flat for 56 years since 1970. Utter failure.
We must unlock cheaper electricity.
Jacob L Brown retweeted
The battery revolution is amazing.
Batteries have almost completely displaced gas in Queensland and all it took was two short years!
Jacob L Brown retweeted
It's hard to overstate how successful the Australian government's Cheaper Home Battery Scheme has been since its introduction. Since July last year, Australians have installed ~350,000 home batteries, adding more than 6.5GWh of storage behind the meter. Solar only installs have plummeted to only 7%, with 93% of people now adding or including batteries. Never before have I seen a tipping point reached so quickly.
pv-magazine.com/2026/04/28/l…
Getting close to silicon's limit now. Wonder if heterojunction will be the future or if we'll be stuck in too much of a local minimum cost for a long time
Jacob L Brown retweeted
Potentially hyper-cheap sodium batteries are becoming commercially available and are getting LFP battery specs. This is nuts! This could lead to *incredibly* cheap batteries!
Huge news from CATL, which has signed a 60 GWh sodium-ion battery deal with HyperStrong.
This is the largest sodium-ion order ever placed and equal to half of all energy storage batteries CATL delivered in 2025.
CATL claims sodium-ion mass production is solved.
(More details electrek.co/catl-sodium-ion-…)
Jacob L Brown retweeted
The U.S. has more natural gas than it knows what to do with
We know what to do with it at @Molten_Ind - make some graphite! ⚒️
"The current [natural gas] price range of minus $6 to minus $8 per million British thermal units is the lowest range on record"
via @MarketWatch
Jacob L Brown retweeted
An opportunity exists to add 75 GWs of additional US inference compute, quickly, affordably, and in a manner local communities will celebrate rather than fight.
A terrawatt of solar projects are stuck in the bureaucratic morass contraining our economy known as interconnection queues.
A ton of these projects will withdraw from the queue and abandon their plans simply because they can't wait any longer. It costs money to sit there and do nothing.
If retooled for 95%+ uptime off-grid AI data centers, these projects could support something like 150 GW of compute.
Cut that in half because a bunch of projects are fake or shitty. Still, 75 GW of compute.
THAT'S A LOT OF COMPUTE, EXTREMELY FAST, INCREMENTAL TO ALL CURRENT PLANS.
Then hook em' up to the grid a few years down the line to trade all of that overbuilt solar and battery capacity (which will lower people's bills) for getting to 99.99% uptime at the data center.
The solar resource is there. The land is buildable. The permitting can be done. And the grid is there, just eventually.
And these data centers would alievate all of the typical local objections:
- they don't raise your electric or gas bill
- they actually will lower it in the near future
- they don't pollute your local air via a combustion power plant
- they don't make a ton of noise via a combustion power plant
- they don't need to use abnormal amounts of water
- they wont be gigantic 1 GW collosus concrete buildings that upon merely observing you become depressed. it'll be just a bunch of solar farms with modular compute boxes scattered throughout. sheep will graze the glass under the panels. it'll be chil.
"But Duncan, there's no way you could build enough storage. It would have to be so expensive."
If you design this from first principles rather than copy typical banker-style solar project designs (direct current, dense & minimal solar racking, modular compute, etc.) the LCOE can be < $150/MWh. That's fine. Deals are clearing at that level already.
"But Duncan, everyone wants 1 GW sites. A ton of 25 MW compute sites simply wont due."
Not for inference. It's only training that needs giant coherent clusters. Historically hyperscalers have wanted all compute to be fungible between traning and inference, but that is quickly changing as they witness the massive wave of inference headed their way.
"But Duncan, 95-99% uptime isn't good enough! Inference must be 100% uptime!"
Nah. This is all incremental, so 95% is a hell of a lot better than 0%. And its just 95% for a few years while you wait to hook up to the grid. For now if you must get 100%, then dedicated your GW scale traning site to supply the remaining 5% on a handful of winter nights. And inference demand shapes are biased toward the daytime anyway. It'll be fine.
"But Duncan, I have no imagination. I can't think beyond what has already been proven. Who will the offtakers be? Will it be bankable? I'm feeling anxious!!"
We're already short on inference compute and AI has touched less than 1% of the economy. If you can't see where things are going I can't help you.
Solar and batteries are the only massively scalable option we have. The grid bottleneck is here. The gas prime-mover bottleneck is here. The EPC bottleneck is here. We need a new way.
And keep in mind, the above only describes retooling existing in-development solar projects for a quick win. There would be many many more GWs of opportunity beyond this if we develop new additional solar projects on top of that.
Jacob L Brown retweeted
It's hard to grasp the pace of the solar and wind build-out:
It took 22 years this century to install the first two terawatts of solar and wind capacity
...then it took just THREE years to build the next two!
Totals matter short term. Long-term, scaling speed matters more.
Australian mining town running on renewables with a backup diesel genset. Live tracking at the link. Fun one to watch.
edlenergy.com/project/coober…
Jacob L Brown retweeted
I meant to post a handful of interesting charts from Michael Cembalest's latest 16th Annual Eye on the Market Energy Paper but it turned into like 20 charts so I'll link them all here. As always, a really enjoyable, fact-dense, and eye-opening read. He pulls no punches.
Jacob L Brown retweeted
Some of our best hires were totally unqualified on paper.
They always had the same qualities: entrepreneurial, high agency, smart, mission aligned, and they got shit done.
If you’re hiring, especially in early stages, seek out & bet on these people. Don’t over-index on resumes.
Jacob L Brown retweeted
2/The weird but true story of the government-backed McRib goes back, way back, to the days of WWII. Supplying soldiers in combat with healthy and tasty food to keep them going in trying conditions has been a challenge for millennia.
Jacob L Brown retweeted
A few months ago I became curious about "instant quote" manufacturing startups, like SendCutSend. A little curiosity became a deep dive because this business model solves most weaknesses with US manufacturing.
America does a lot of manufacturing, but its mostly high volume, boring stuff. Small volume parts that are important for capital equipment and startups developing new technology have been a struggle, hurting US competitiveness.
Another component is that top tier workers in the US earn WAY more than the rest of the world. Any company developing low volume products or doing testing spends massive amounts of money for workers to sit around waiting for parts or other slow processes (hence the popularity of vertical integration).
Low volume manufacturers themselves struggle to provide reasonable costs because they pay a lot for workers to do things like provide quotes, send bills, program machines, or correct defects. And at low volume there aren't many parts to spread these costs over.
Instant quote startups with short lead times kill two birds with one stone. Customers get instant ordering and feedback. Their parts come within a few days, saving massive amounts of money by decreasing dead time. And the only way for producers to deliver this speed is end-to-end digitization that eliminates all the soft costs. Effective part cost declines by an order of magnitude, making US manufacturing competitive with overseas.
It isn't just cute little parts because these services make technology and product cycles go faster through quicker iteration. It becomes way easier to build custom manufacturing equipment or prototype new things.
These companies also make great businesses, too, because they have lower marginal costs than existing producers and see incredible benefits from scaling that allows them to get big.
I wrote a deep dive on the sector on my blog.
open.substack.com/pub/austin…
Infrastructure
"On Wednesday, Ayres will announce that investments made under the Net Zero Fund, which will begin mid-year, will only have to achieve a rate of return of 1 per cent below the five-year rate, which today would be just over 3 per cent."
afr.com/politics/federal/lab…































