@ObjectivelyRea

I help Ohio law enforcement officers identify and understand the constantly changing landscape of case law so that they may always be Objectively Reasonable.

 Columbus, Ohio
objectivelyreasonable.com/
Joined December 2014
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Today, I was honored to present Legal Leadership to host Toledo Police. The class consisted of officers who are soon-to-be sergeants, sergeants and lieutenants. Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. The transition from police officer to supervisor is one of the most importantβ€”and challengingβ€”steps in a law enforcement career. Yesterday, you were responsible primarily for your own decisions. Today, as a leader, you are responsible for your decisions AND helping your teammates make legally sound decisions. A leaders decisions can affect officer safety, criminal prosecutions, civil liability, careers and the public's trust. That is why legal leadership matters. Today's evaluations were incredibly kind: 𝐡𝑒𝑠𝑑+π‘šπ‘œπ‘ π‘‘ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘£π‘’ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” 𝐼’𝑣𝑒 π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘‘. πΏπ‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›. π‘€π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ 𝑖𝑠 π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘’π‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘”π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘’π‘π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™, π‘€β„Žπ‘–π‘β„Ž 𝑖𝑠 π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘¦ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘¦, π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘–π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘”. π‘‰π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘–π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘π‘‘π‘–π‘£π‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘”π‘œπ‘œπ‘‘ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›. π‘Šπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘œπ‘šπ‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘’π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘π‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘π‘’ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘› π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘‡π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘œ π‘ƒπ‘œπ‘™π‘–π‘π‘’ π·π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘. 𝐸π‘₯𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑 π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”. π΅π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π΅π‘œπ‘ π‘π‘Žπ‘π‘˜! 𝐻𝑖𝑠 π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ 𝑏𝑒 π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Žπ‘›π‘›π‘’π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘¦ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘/π‘œπ‘Ÿ 𝑏𝑖-π‘Žπ‘›π‘›π‘’π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘¦. π‘€π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ 𝑖𝑠 π‘Žπ‘› π‘Žπ‘π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘’ π‘Žπ‘ π‘ π‘’π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ 𝑏𝑒 π‘Ž π‘π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘“π‘–π‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘’π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ 𝑖𝑓 π‘π‘œπ‘ π‘ π‘–π‘π‘™π‘’. One of the most important lessons I emphasize during Legal Leadership training is that wearing stripes or bars does not automatically make someone a leader. Leadership requires preparation, sound judgment, accountability and the willingness to make difficult decisions when the circumstances demand it. Leaders must understand not only WHAT the law permits, but WHY it permits it. They must recognize potential legal problems BEFORE those problems become lawsuits, suppressed evidence, disciplinary investigations or threats to officer safety. And perhaps most importantly, they must be willing to teach, mentor and protect the officers entrusted to their leadership. A legally confident supervisor helps develop legally confident officers. Legally confident officers make better decisions. Better decisions help officers stay safe, protect their careers, and serve their communities. To the soon-to-be sergeants in today's class: Congratulations on taking the next step in your careers! Remember, your greatest responsibility is not simply managing your teammates. It is helping them succeed and return home safely. Thank you to the Toledo Police Department for hosting today's training and investing in the development of its current and future leaders. It was a privilege to serve your team! Upcoming CPT approved classes Upcoming Legal Update Training: Patrol Legal Update - November 9 - Elyria - SOLD OUT! Canine Legal Update - November 17 - Avon SOLD OUT! Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - November 30 - Medina County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Portage County [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Drone Legal Update - December 4 - Tiffin *Drone legal update training is both CPT and CLE approved for Ohio attorneys. objectivelyreasonable.com/se… Scheduling classes for the second half of 2027 and the first six months are booked. #GavelTravels #Police #Law In class today was Lt. Ken Krabill who arrested a suspect with a magnetic box affixed to his rental car that contained cocaine and fentanyl. The articles posted one year ago, so he earned a complimentary book. Officer Steve was one of the youngest in class and was subject to several 'cross examinations' in class. He earned an Objectively Reasonable coin.
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Today, I was honored to present a Legal Update to the Ohio Tactical Officers Association [OTOA] Leaders class. Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. Tactical leadership requires more than understanding tactics. It requires understanding the law that governs the decisions officers make before, during, and after critical incidents. The legal principles governing SWAT operations are often the same principles that govern everyday patrol operations. What changes is the complexity, urgency, and risk associated with the circumstances. And when officers are making decisions under pressure, legal confidence matters! Today's evaluations were incredibly kind: π‘‡β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘€π‘Žπ‘  π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘™π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘π‘™π‘’ π‘›π‘œπ‘‘ π‘œπ‘›π‘™π‘¦ π‘‘π‘œ π‘†π‘Šπ΄π‘‡ 𝑏𝑒𝑑 π‘Žπ‘™π‘ π‘œ π‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘™. 𝐼𝑑 π‘”π‘Žπ‘£π‘’ π‘šπ‘’ π‘Ž π‘π‘’π‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘‘π‘œπ‘π‘–π‘π‘  π‘π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘. π‘ƒπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘“π‘’π‘π‘‘ π‘šπ‘–π‘₯ π‘œπ‘“ β„Žπ‘’π‘šπ‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘–π‘›π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘‘π‘œ π‘˜π‘’π‘’π‘ 𝑖𝑑 𝑒π‘₯𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”. π‘‡β„Žπ‘’ π‘‘π‘œπ‘π‘–π‘π‘  π‘β„Žπ‘œπ‘ π‘’π‘› π‘€π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘–π‘™π‘¦ 𝑒π‘₯π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘’π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘ π‘–π‘šπ‘π‘™π‘–π‘“π‘–π‘’π‘‘ π‘œπ‘“π‘‘π‘’π‘› 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑑 π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘ . π‘‡β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘Žπ‘π‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘™π‘Žπ‘¦π‘œπ‘’π‘‘ π‘€π‘Žπ‘  π‘π‘™π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘™π‘¦ π‘‘β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘”β„Žπ‘‘ π‘œπ‘’π‘‘. π‘‡β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘  𝑖𝑠 π‘π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘“π‘–π‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ 𝐼 π‘€π‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘œπ‘šπ‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π΅π‘œπ‘ π‘€π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘  π‘Žπ‘› π‘–π‘›π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘›π‘¦π‘œπ‘›π‘’ π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘”π‘’π‘›π‘π‘¦ π‘€β„Žπ‘œ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘™π‘  𝑖𝑛 π‘Žπ‘›π‘¦ π‘‘π‘œπ‘π‘–π‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘¦ π‘–π‘›π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘ π‘œπ‘›. But one evaluation particularly stood out: πΌβ€™π‘š π‘’π‘Žπ‘”π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘π‘œ π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘€ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑔𝑒𝑦𝑠 𝐼 π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜ π‘€π‘–π‘‘β„Ž π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘šπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ 𝑀𝑒𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒. 𝐼 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒 π‘˜π‘›π‘œπ‘€π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘–π‘π‘  π‘¦π‘œπ‘’ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘’π‘”β„Žπ‘‘ π‘‘π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘¦ π‘Žπ‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘’ β„Žπ‘’π‘™π‘π‘  π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  π‘‘π‘œ 𝑏𝑒 π‘šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘“π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘. That is the goal! Legal confidence begins with understanding the fundamentals. For law enforcement leaders, the responsibility extends beyond their own decisions. They must develop officers who understand their legal authority, recognize the limitations of that authority, and can apply the law during rapidly evolving situations. Knowing the law is important. Teaching your teammates WHY the law permits certain actions is leadership. Thank you to the Ohio Tactical Officers Association for the opportunity to serve its leaders and to everyone who participated in today's training. Thank you, team! Upcoming CPT approved classes Upcoming Legal Update Training: Patrol Legal Update - November 9 - Elyria - SOLD OUT! Canine Legal Update - November 17 - Avon SOLD OUT! Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - November 30 - Medina County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Portage County [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Drone Legal Update - December 4 - Tiffin *Drone legal update training is both CPT and CLE approved for Ohio attorneys. objectivelyreasonable.com/se… Scheduling classes for the second half of 2027 and the first six months are booked. #GavelTravels #Police #Law
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Does Deviation from a Tactical Plan Constitute a Fourth Amendment Violation? U.S. v. Goddard distinguished tactical operational plans from constitutional requirements. A SWAT team’s deviation from the an operational plan does not establish that the warrant execution was unconstitutional. A must read for SWAT Team members and leaders. #Police #Law #HardestJobInAmerica objectivelyreasonable.com/20…

Does Deviation from a Tactical Plan Constitute a Fourth Amendment Violation?

The β€œfact” that Officer Del Rio deviated from the operational plan is not β€œof consequence” to Mr. Goddard’s assertion of self-defense.Β Β  Β  U.S. v. Goddard No. 24-3841/3844 Sixth Circuit Appellate...

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Today, @ChiefShughes and I were honored to present Legally Confident - Tactically Confident to host Tuscarawas County SO and many other local agencies. Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. Two instructors. Two perspectives. One mission. Helping officers become Legally Confident AND Tactically Confident. Today's evaluations were incredibly kind: πΊπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›. πΏπ‘œπ‘œπ‘˜ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘€π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘‘π‘œ π‘ π‘œπ‘šπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘™ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘“π‘’π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’. π‘‡β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘˜ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’ π‘ƒβ„Žπ‘’π‘›π‘œπ‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘Žπ‘™ π‘ π‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘–π‘›π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ. π‘‡β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘˜ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘› 𝑒π‘₯𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑 π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”! π‘‰π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘£π‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘›π‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑑 𝐼𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 π‘‘π‘œπ‘œ. π‘Šπ‘–π‘ β„Ž 𝑀𝑒 π‘π‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘ π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘ π‘’ π‘–π‘›π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘  π‘šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“π‘‘π‘’π‘›. π‘Šπ‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘“π‘’π‘™ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑏𝑦 π‘π‘œπ‘‘β„Ž π‘†π‘π‘œπ‘‘π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π΅π‘œπ‘. 𝐴 π‘‘π‘œπ‘› π‘œπ‘“ π‘˜π‘›π‘œπ‘€π‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘”π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘ π‘’π‘β„Ž π‘Ž π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘‘π‘–π‘šπ‘’. π‘Šπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘π‘ π‘œπ‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘¦ π‘™π‘œπ‘£π‘’ π‘‘π‘œ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘£π‘’ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘š π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘β„Ž π‘šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘ π‘ π‘’π‘ . But one evaluation particularly stood out: πΌβ€™π‘š π‘Ž 26 π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ 𝑣𝑒𝑑, π‘€β„Žπ‘œ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘  𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛 π‘ π‘’π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘™ 𝑂𝐼𝑆’𝑠, π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑙 π‘Ž π‘”π‘œπ‘œπ‘‘ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘šπ‘–π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘π‘œ 𝑏𝑒 π‘£π‘–π‘”π‘–π‘™π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘. Thank you team! Twenty-six years of experience. Multiple officer-involved shootings. And still recognizing the importance of training and vigilance. That is a powerful reminder for every law enforcement officer, regardless of rank or experience. Experience is invaluable but experience alone does not eliminate risk. The law changes. Tactics evolve. Complacency can develop. And the next call may present circumstances that even the most experienced officer has never encountered. That is why Chief Hughes and I believe legal confidence and tactical confidence must work together. Knowing WHAT the law permits is essential. Knowing HOW to safely and effectively apply that authority is equally important. We want officers to recognize threats, understand their legal authority, make sound decisions under pressure and return home safely at the end of their shifts. Whether you have been on the job for 26 days or 26 years, there is always something more to learn. Thank you to the Tuscarawas County Sheriff's Office, most especially Sheriff Orvis Campbell for hosting today's training and to the many agencies that invested in their officers by sending them. And thank you to Chief Hughes for his partnership, experience, and commitment to making law enforcement safer. Upcoming CPT approved classes Upcoming Legal Update Training: Patrol Legal Update - November 9 - Elyria - SOLD OUT! Canine Legal Update - November 17 - Avon SOLD OUT! Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - November 30 - Medina County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Portage County [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Drone Legal Update - December 4 - Tiffin *Drone legal update training is both CPT and CLE approved for Ohio attorneys. objectivelyreasonable.com/se…
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Can a Person Legally Possess a Firearm but Still be Prohibited from Carrying the Firearm Concealed? State v. Craig provides a review of carrying a firearm under the Second Amendment and as a Qualified Adult under Ohio’s CCW law. #HardestJobInAmerica #Police #Law objectivelyreasonable.com/20…

Can a Person Legally Possess a Firearm but Still be Prohibited from Carrying the Firearm Concealed?

e hold that the State’s prosecution of Ms. Craig for carrying a concealed weapon does not violate her right to keep and bear arms under the Second Amendment.Β  State v. Craig 2026-Ohio-3131 First...

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Today, I was honored to present Drone Legal Update training, hosted by Franklin County Emergency Management and Homeland Security and held at the Columbus Police Academy. Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. Drone technology is advancing rapidly. But knowing how to operate a drone and understanding when, where, and how it can legally be deployed are two very different skills. FAA regulations, the Fourth Amendment, Ohio law, and rapidly evolving drone technology create legal challenges for public safety agencies. A drone pilot must be technically proficient AND legally confident. Today's evaluations reinforced the importance of that distinction: π΅π‘œπ‘ π‘›π‘’π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘“π‘Žπ‘–π‘™π‘  π‘‘π‘œ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘£π‘–π‘‘π‘’ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘™π‘’π‘£π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘, π‘‘π‘–π‘šπ‘’π‘™π‘¦, π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘Žπ‘™π‘Žπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘π‘™π‘’ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ π‘’π‘›π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  𝑀𝑒 π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘’π‘’ π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘π‘œ π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘—π‘œπ‘π‘  𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑦 π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘€π‘–π‘‘β„Ž π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘“π‘–π‘π‘–π‘’π‘›π‘π‘¦. π‘‰π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘”π‘œπ‘œπ‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ π‘’ π‘ π‘–π‘Ÿ, π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘˜ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘π‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘™ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ 𝑒π‘₯π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘™π‘¦ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜ π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘ 𝑖𝑑 π‘‘π‘œπ‘’π‘  π‘›π‘œπ‘‘ π‘”π‘œ π‘’π‘›π‘›π‘œπ‘‘π‘–π‘π‘’π‘‘. πΈπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ 107 π‘ƒπ‘–π‘™π‘œπ‘‘ π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑑 π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘Žπ‘  π‘šπ‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”. 𝐼 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒 π‘’π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘›π‘’ π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ π‘’ π‘Žπ‘  𝑖𝑑 𝑖𝑠 π‘Ž π‘€π‘’π‘Žπ‘™π‘‘β„Ž π‘œπ‘“ π‘˜π‘›π‘œπ‘€π‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘”π‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘™π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘π‘™π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘¦β€™π‘  π‘ π‘œπ‘π‘–π‘’π‘‘π‘¦. But one evaluation particularly captured WHY legal training matters: π‘‡β„Žπ‘–π‘  𝑖𝑠 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘’π‘‘. πΈπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘ π‘’ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”π‘  π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘™π‘¦ 𝑏𝑒 π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘‘π‘¦ π‘‘π‘œ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘’ π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘–π‘ π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘  π‘€β„Žπ‘–π‘™π‘’ π‘œπ‘› π‘Ž π‘π‘Žπ‘™π‘™ π‘€β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘‘π‘–π‘šπ‘’ 𝑖𝑠𝑛’𝑑 𝑖𝑛 π‘¦π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘“π‘Žπ‘£π‘œπ‘Ÿ. That is exactly the goal! When a drone is needed during a rapidly evolving incident, the time to begin researching legal authority is NOT when the pilot is preparing for takeoff. Public safety drone operators should understand their legal authority BEFORE the emergency occurs. Can we legally deploy the drone? Can we fly over private property? When does aerial observation become a Fourth Amendment search? What restrictions apply under FAA regulations and Ohio law? These are questions that public safety professionals should be prepared to answer before the next mission. Thank you to Franklin County EMA for hosting, Columbus Police for providing the training facility, and every officer and public safety professional who invested a day in becoming and remaining Objectively Reasonable. Upcoming CPT approved classes Upcoming Legal Update Training: Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Tuscarawas County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Patrol Legal Update - November 9 - Elyria - SOLD OUT! Canine Legal Update - November 17 - Avon Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - November 30 - Medina County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Portage County [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Drone Legal Update - December 4 - Tiffin *Drone legal update training is both CPT and CLE approved for Ohio attorneys. objectivelyreasonable.com/se…
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When Can a Suspect’s Refusal to Identify Himself Turn a Citation Into an Arrestable Offense? State v. Lynch is important because it gives Ohio law enforcement officers practical guidance on three recurring legal challenges: 1) Identifying a person during a minor-misdemeanor encounter. 2) Determining when a minor misdemeanor becomes an arrestable offense. 3) Determining whether an arrest is lawful when the officer announces a different offense at the scene. #HardestJobInAmerica #Police #Law objectivelyreasonable.com/20…

When Can a Suspect’s Refusal to Identify Himself Turn a Citation Into an Arrestable Offense?

The deputy warned Mr. Lynch, "ou're going to give me your driver's license or you're going to go to jail," and then told him he was under arrest. Mr. Lynch's immediate response, "I'm not under...

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Today, I had the opportunity to present @NSAOhio Communication Mastery Conference, helping professionals improve their speaking skills. The class was CPT certified and law enforcement professionals from throughout the state attended; Bexley, Bowling Green, Columbus Police, host Hamilton Twp., New Albany, Tiffin and Wadsworth. Thank you ALL for attending! Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. #GavelTravels
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This evening, I was honored to present Legal Updates to Groveport and Madison Township Police. Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. Today was about more than case law. It was about developing the next generation of law enforcement officers, reconnecting with longtime teammates, and continuing to build legal confidence throughout our profession. The evaluations were incredibly kind: π΅π‘œπ‘ 𝑖𝑠 π‘Žπ‘› π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘ π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’ π‘ π‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘€β„Žπ‘œ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘  π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘šπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ β„Žπ‘–π‘  𝑠𝑒𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑑 π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ. 𝐻𝑖𝑠 π‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘–π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ 𝑠𝑑𝑦𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘π‘™π‘’, π‘’π‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘”π‘–π‘›π‘”, π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘’π‘ π‘π‘’π‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘¦ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘£π‘’. π‘€π‘Ÿ. π‘€π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘™π‘€π‘Žπ‘¦π‘  π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘£π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘  π‘Žπ‘› 𝑒π‘₯𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑 π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” 𝑒π‘₯π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘’π‘›π‘π‘’. 𝐻𝑖𝑠 π‘™π‘œπ‘£π‘’ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘‘β„Žπ‘œπ‘ π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘™π‘Žπ‘€ π‘’π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘€π‘  𝑖𝑛 β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘ . 𝐼𝑑’𝑠 π‘Ž π‘π‘™π‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘” β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘œπ‘π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘’π‘ . π΅π‘œπ‘, π‘¦π‘œπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘™π‘€π‘Žπ‘¦π‘  π‘‘π‘œ π‘Ž π‘ π‘π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘Žπ‘π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘—π‘œπ‘ 𝑖𝑛 π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘£π‘Žπ‘™π‘–π‘‘, π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑖𝑛 π‘Ž π‘€π‘Žπ‘¦ 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘œπ‘˜π‘–π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘œπ‘š π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘. πΆπ‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘’π‘’ π‘‘π‘œ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘£π‘’ π΅π‘œπ‘ π‘π‘Žπ‘π‘˜. 𝐻𝑒 𝑖𝑠 1 𝑖𝑛 1 π‘šπ‘–π‘™π‘™π‘–π‘œπ‘›! 𝐸π‘₯𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑 π‘Žπ‘  π‘Žπ‘™π‘€π‘Žπ‘¦π‘ . π‘Œπ‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑖𝑠 π‘–π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘π‘π‘Žπ‘π‘™π‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘–π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘π‘¦ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘‘π‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘™π‘  𝑖𝑠 π‘œπ‘’π‘‘π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘”. Thank you team! Thank you, team! Two moments made today's training especially meaningful. First, I had the opportunity to present my Objectively Reasonable challenge coin to a rookie officer who spent much of the class answering my questions and working through real-world legal scenarios. I challenged him repeatedlyβ€”and he accepted the challenge! Why? Because our newest officers deserve more than simply being told what they can and cannot do. They deserve to understand WHY the law permits certain actions and how to apply that knowledge when making decisions in real time. Every experienced officer, supervisor and chief has a responsibility to welcome, encourage, challenge and mentor the next generation of law enforcement. We were all rookies once. Someone invested in us. Now it is our turn. Welcome to THE #HardestJobInAmerica, Officer! Second, I had the pleasure of reconnecting with Groveport Police Chief Mark McDonough. I first met Chief McDonough when he served as Chief of Police in Sidney, Ohio. He trusted me to provide legal training to his officers there, and today I was honored to continue that relationship with his team in Groveport. Chief, thank you for your continued trust and commitment to providing your officers with current, practical legal training. Relationships like these are one of the most rewarding parts of traveling throughout Ohio. Thank you to Groveport Police, Madison Township Police, and every officer who participated today! Upcoming CPT approved classes Upcoming Legal Update Training: Drone Legal Update - October 19 - Franklin County EMA SOLD OUT! Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Tuscarawas County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Patrol Legal Update - November 9 - Elyria - SOLD OUT! Canine Legal Update - November 17 - Avon Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - November 30 - Medina County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Portage County [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Drone Legal Update - December 4 - Tiffin *Drone legal update training is both CPT and CLE approved for Ohio attorneys. objectivelyreasonable.com/se…
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Can a Murderer Challenge Cell-Phone Searches After Denying the Phones Are His Own? State v. Wooden is important because it demonstrates how electronic evidence can connect a suspect to a victim, crime scene and residence, even when the phones are registered to other people. The case reminds officers to determine and document who owns, possesses or controls an electronic device because a suspect who disclaims any interest in it may be unable to establish a reasonable expectation of privacy and challenge its search. @ColumbusPolice Det. Earl Westfall and the Franklin County Prosecutors Office should be highly commended on their work on this case. Well done! #HardestJobInAmerica #Police #Law objectivelyreasonable.com/20…

Can a Murderer Challenge Cell-Phone Searches After Denying the Phones Are His Own?

Mr. Wooden failed to present any evidence indicating a reasonable expectation of privacy in the cell phone data and has not met his baseline burden to demonstrate standing. We find that Mr. Wooden...

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Today, I was honored to present Patrol Legal Updates, hosted by Bowling Green Police and attended by law enforcement officers from agencies throughout Ohioβ€”including several deputies who traveled all the way from Perry County! Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. Today’s class was approved for both Ohio Peace Officer Continuing Professional Training (CPT) and Continuing Legal Education (CLE). We even had two Bowling Green prosecutors in attendance! I especially appreciate having prosecutors in the classroom. Officers and prosecutors share an important responsibility: understanding the law, applying it correctly, and ensuring that the decisions made on the street can withstand scrutiny in the courtroom. The evaluations were incredibly kind: π΅π‘œπ‘ 𝑖𝑠 π‘’π‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘”π‘–π‘›π‘”, π‘˜π‘›π‘œπ‘€π‘™π‘’π‘‘π‘”π‘’π‘Žπ‘π‘™π‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘ π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’ π‘Žπ‘π‘œπ‘’π‘‘ β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘šπ‘’π‘ π‘ π‘Žπ‘”π‘’. 𝐻𝑒 π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘£π‘–π‘‘π‘’π‘‘ π‘Ž π‘™π‘œπ‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ π‘Žπ‘›π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘ π‘’π‘π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘ π‘Ž π‘‘π‘œπ‘› π‘œπ‘“ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™. 𝐼 π‘™π‘œπ‘œπ‘˜ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘€π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑛𝑒π‘₯𝑑 π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘ π‘  𝐼 π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘€π‘–π‘‘β„Ž π΅π‘œπ‘. 𝐴𝑠 π‘Žπ‘™π‘€π‘Žπ‘¦π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™ 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘ π‘  𝑖𝑛 π‘Ž π‘™π‘œπ‘€ π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘  π‘’π‘›π‘£π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘›π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘. 𝐼𝑑 𝑖𝑠 π‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘¦ π‘‘π‘œ 𝑠𝑒𝑒 β„Žπ‘œπ‘€ π‘šπ‘’π‘β„Ž β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘  π‘Žπ‘π‘œπ‘’π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑑 π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘–π‘šπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘‘. π‘‡β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘˜ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’. π΅π‘œπ‘π‘  π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” 𝑖𝑠 π‘ π‘œ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘“π‘’π‘ π‘ π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘™ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑠 π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘“π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘™π‘¦ π‘Ÿπ‘’β„Žπ‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ π‘’π‘‘. πΈπ‘Žπ‘β„Ž π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ 𝑖𝑠 𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑙 π‘‘β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘”β„Žπ‘‘ π‘œπ‘’π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘–π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘™.𝐻𝑒 β„Žπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘™π‘¦ π‘™π‘’π‘Žπ‘£π‘’π‘  π‘Žπ‘›π‘¦ π‘žπ‘’π‘’π‘ π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘  π‘‘π‘œ 𝑏𝑒 π‘Žπ‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘‘. π΅π‘œπ‘ π‘€π‘Žπ‘  π‘π‘™π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘π‘–π‘ π‘’. 𝐼 π‘π‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙 β„Žπ‘’ π‘€π‘Žπ‘  π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ 𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑙 π‘Ÿπ‘’β„Žπ‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘ π‘’π‘‘ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘™π‘ π‘œπ‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘‘ 𝑛𝑒𝑀 π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘ π‘’π‘β„Ž π‘Žπ‘  π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘’π‘  π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ π‘™π‘Žπ‘€ π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ π‘€π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ 𝑗𝑒𝑠𝑑 π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘‘. 𝐻𝑒 π‘€π‘Žπ‘  𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑙 π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘ π‘’π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘ π‘π‘œπ‘˜π‘’ 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑙𝑦. 𝐼 π‘€π‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ 100% π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘œπ‘šπ‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π΅π‘œπ‘ π‘€π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘π‘œ π‘šπ‘¦ π‘“π‘’π‘™π‘™π‘œπ‘€ β€œπ‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘šπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘ .” But one evaluation captured exactly WHY I travel throughout Ohio teaching legal updates: πΈπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦π‘œπ‘›π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘’π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’ π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘ π‘ . π‘‰π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘™ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘™π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘  𝑒𝑝 π‘Ž π‘™π‘œπ‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ π‘šπ‘–π‘ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘  π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  β„Žπ‘Žπ‘£π‘’ π‘Žπ‘π‘œπ‘’π‘‘ π‘€β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘¦ π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘‘π‘œ. That is the mission. Officers should never have to rely solely on what someone told them years ago, what has always been done, or what they think the law allows. They deserve to KNOW what the law permits, understand WHY it permits it, and have the confidence to apply it correctly when the next call comes. And today brought a particularly meaningful moment. Three years ago, I wrote an article about a Findlay Police officer whose actions demonstrated what it means to be Objectively Reasonable. That same officer, pictured here, attended today's class! It was a pleasure to reconnect with him, recognize his professionalism, and present him with a copy of my newest 2026 Objectively Reasonable book. These are the moments that make traveling throughout Ohio so rewarding. Thank you to Bowling Green Police for hosting, to the prosecutors who joined us, and to every officer who invested a day in becoming more legally confident. Thank you, team! Upcoming CPT approved classes Upcoming Legal Update Training: Drone Legal Update - October 19 - Franklin County EMA SOLD OUT! Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Tuscarawas County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Patrol Legal Update - November 9 - Elyria - SOLD OUT! Canine Legal Update - November 17 - Avon Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - November 30 - Medina County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Portage County [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Drone Legal Update - December 4 - Tiffin *Drone legal update training is both CPT and CLE approved for Ohio attorneys. objectivelyreasonable.com/se…
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Can an Anonymous Tip Lead to a Lawful Traffic Stop and Vehicle Search? State v. Jordan is important because it brings together four significant legal doctrines that officers routinely encounter during traffic stops and drug investigations. 1. Anonymous Tips 2. Pre-Textual Stops 3. Vehicle Search 4. Constructive Possession #HardestJobInAmerica #Police #Law objectivelyreasonable.com/20…

Can an Anonymous Tip Lead to a Lawful Traffic Stop and Vehicle Search?

Tr. Lewis pulled out and followed the Cadillac for three to four miles during which time he paced the vehicle traveling 65 m.p.h. in a 60-m.p.h. zone and then observed the vehicle enter into a...

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Today, I was honored to present Legal Updates to OPOTA’s New Chiefs Training and a room filled with Ohio’s newest police chiefs. New title. New responsibilities. New challenges. And now, responsibility for the legal decisions, training, development, and safety of an entire organization. Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. One evaluation captured the challenge facing today’s police leaders: Evaluation excerpts: π‘…π‘’π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘¦ 𝑒𝑦𝑒 π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘€π‘–π‘‘β„Ž π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘™π‘’π‘”π‘Žπ‘™ π‘Žπ‘ π‘π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘  π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘”π‘’π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘π‘π‘’π‘› π‘šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘žπ‘’π‘–π‘π‘˜π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘› 𝑀𝑒 π‘π‘Žπ‘› π‘˜π‘’π‘’π‘ 𝑒𝑝 π‘€π‘–π‘‘β„Ž. π‘‡β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘˜π‘  π‘€π‘Ÿ. π‘€π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘π‘–π‘šπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘‘π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘‘π‘œ π‘™π‘Žπ‘€ π‘’π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘. The law does not stand still. New cases are decided. Statutes change. Courts clarify constitutional standards. And the decisions made by officers on the street can quickly become decisions that chiefs must explain to prosecutors, city officials, the communityβ€”and sometimes a federal court. That makes current legal training a leadership issue. Another new chief wrote: π‘‚π‘’π‘‘π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”. π‘ˆπ‘ π‘’π‘“π‘’π‘™ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙 π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘œπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘Žπ‘π‘™π‘¦ β„Žπ‘’π‘™π‘ π‘‘π‘œ π‘˜π‘’π‘’π‘ π‘šπ‘¦ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  π‘ π‘Žπ‘“π‘’. That may be my favorite evaluation of the day. Legal confidence is not simply about avoiding lawsuits or suppressing evidence. When officers understand their authority, they can make decisions more confidently, communicate more effectively, and concentrate on safely accomplishing the mission. Other evaluations were equally kind: π΄π‘™π‘€π‘Žπ‘¦π‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑑 π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘¦ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘“π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘π‘’/ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”. 𝐼 𝑠𝑒𝑒 β„Žπ‘–π‘š π‘’π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘œπ‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘ 𝑖𝑠 π‘Žπ‘™π‘€π‘Žπ‘¦π‘  π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ β„Ž. πΌπ‘šπ‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘–π‘›π‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›. 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒 π‘ π‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘Ÿ. πΆπ‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘Žπ‘ π‘π‘’π‘π‘‘ π‘œπ‘“ π‘Žπ‘›π‘¦ 𝑛𝑒𝑀 π‘β„Žπ‘–π‘’π‘“ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”. And one made my author side smile: 𝐼 π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘π‘œπ‘œπ‘˜. πΏπ‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘‘ 𝑖𝑑! πΊπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›. Thank you, team! And congratulations to Ohio’s newest police chiefs. Leadership provides an extraordinary opportunity and responsibility to invest in your officers, develop the next generation, and build organizations where officers can be Safe, Smart and Objectively Reasonable. Upcoming CPT approved classes Upcoming Legal Update Training: Patrol Legal Update - October 12 - Bowling Green Drone Legal Update - October 19 - Franklin County EMA SOLD OUT! Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Tuscarawas County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Patrol Legal Update - November 9 - Elyria - SOLD OUT! Canine Legal Update - November 17 - Avon Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - November 30 - Medina County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Portage County [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Drone Legal Update - December 4 - Tiffin Patrol Legal Update - December 8 - Defiance *Drone legal update training is both CPT and CLE approved for Ohio attorneys. objectivelyreasonable.com/se… #Police #Law #GavelTravels
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Can a Police Officer Lawfully Stop a Vehicle Outside of the Officer’s Territorial Jurisdiction for Interfering with a Traffic Stop? State v. Sexton provides reassurance that an objectively reasonable response to a developing public-safety situation will not necessarily become unconstitutional merely because it crosses a municipal or township boundary. #HardestJobInAmerica #Police #Law objectivelyreasonable.com/20…

Can a Police Officer Lawfully Stop a Vehicle Outside of the Officer's Territorial Jurisdiction for...

The interest in protecting the other driver and the public from Mr. Sexton’s erratic behavior, particularly when Officer Green believed that Mr. Sexton may have been intoxicated or having a mental...

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Today, I was honored to present Patrol Legal Updates, hosted by Delaware Police and attended by law enforcement professionals from agencies throughout Delaware County. Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. Legal training has to go beyond simply knowing what a court decided. The real question is: What does that decision mean for the officer handling the next traffic stop, domestic dispute, suspicious person, search, arrest, or rapidly evolving call? Today’s evaluations reinforced the importance of connecting case law to real-world policing: 𝐴 𝑀𝑖𝑑𝑒 π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ β„Žπ‘–π‘”β„Žπ‘™π‘¦ π‘£π‘Žπ‘™π‘’π‘Žπ‘π‘™π‘’ π‘ π‘π‘’π‘›π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘–π‘œπ‘  π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘™π‘¦ π‘‘π‘œ π‘šπ‘¦ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘¦ π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘¦ π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘™π‘’ π‘Žπ‘  π‘Ž π‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘™ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿ. π‘‡β„Žπ‘–π‘  β„Žπ‘Žπ‘  π‘π‘Žπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘‘ π‘šπ‘¦π‘ π‘’π‘™π‘“ π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘›π‘˜ π‘šπ‘’π‘β„Ž π‘šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘—π‘œπ‘, π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ 𝐼 π‘Žπ‘š π‘”π‘œπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘π‘œ π‘“π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘’-π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘”π‘œ π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ β„Žπ‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘’π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘”π‘Žπ‘–π‘›. 𝐷𝑖𝑑 π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ 𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑙 π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘’π‘π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘π‘’π‘œπ‘π‘™π‘’β€™π‘  π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘‘β„Žπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘’π‘”β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘€β„Žπ‘œπ‘™π‘’ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›. π‘Šπ‘Žπ‘  π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘£π‘’ π‘‘π‘œ π‘Žπ‘  π‘‘π‘œπ‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘™π‘Žπ‘€ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘€ 𝑖𝑑 π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ 𝑏𝑒 π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘™π‘–π‘’π‘‘. π΄π‘™π‘ π‘œ π‘™π‘–π‘˜π‘’ β„Žπ‘œπ‘€ π‘€β„Žπ‘’π‘› π‘¦π‘œπ‘’ 𝑒π‘₯π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘’π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘™π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘™π‘Žπ‘€ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’ π‘”π‘Žπ‘£π‘’ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘™ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘™π‘‘ 𝑒π‘₯π‘Žπ‘šπ‘π‘™π‘’π‘  𝑏𝑦 π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘€π‘–π‘›π‘” π΅π‘ŠπΆ π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘š π‘œπ‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  That is the goal. Read the case. Understand the law. Then put officers into realistic situations where they have to decide: What do I know? What can I legally do? What should I do next? Two other evaluations captured the value of that approach: πΈπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘π‘œ 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑑𝑒 π‘™π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘’π‘–π‘£π‘’ π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”. π‘‡π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘€π‘Žπ‘  π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘“π‘–π‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘™ π‘‘π‘œ 𝑒𝑠 π‘Žπ‘  π‘Ž π‘‘π‘’π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π΅π‘œπ‘ π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ 𝑏𝑒 π‘Ž π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘žπ‘’π‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ. Thank you team! And thank you to Delaware Police for hosting today’s training and to the agencies throughout Delaware County that invested in their officers by sending them. The objective is not simply to know more case law when the class ends. The objective is to make better decisions when the next call begins. Upcoming CPT approved classes Upcoming Legal Update Training: Patrol Legal Update - October 12 - Bowling Green Drone Legal Update - October 19 - Franklin County EMA SOLD OUT! Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Tuscarawas County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Patrol Legal Update - November 9 - Elyria - SOLD OUT! Canine Legal Update - November 17 - Avon Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - November 30 - Medina County SO [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Legally Confident - Tactically Confident - October 23 - Portage County [private class] with Chief Scott Hughes. Drone Legal Update - December 4 - Tiffin Patrol Legal Update - December 8 - Defiance *Drone legal update training is both CPT and CLE approved for Ohio attorneys. objectivelyreasonable.com/se… #Police #Law #GavelTravels Pictured: Chief Adam Moore addressing the class.
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Can Officers Handcuff a Suspect Without Turning a Detention Into an Arrest? U.S. Hoffpowier is important because it gives officers a practical roadmap for moving through three escalating Fourth Amendment stages: reasonable suspicion justified the initial investigative detention; specific indications of flight risk justified the temporary use of handcuffs without transforming the detention into an arrest and, after the stalking arrest, the discovery of binoculars created a reasonable basis to believe the vehicle contained additional evidence of stalking. #HardestJobInAmerica #Police #Law objectivelyreasonable.com/20…

Can Officers Handcuff a Suspect Without Turning a Detention Into an Arrest?

he handcuffing was a reasonable use of force that did not transform the stop into an arrest.Β  Β  U.S. v. Hoffpowier No. 25 – 5327 Sixth Circuit Appellate Court August 28, 2026 Β  Why does Bob Meader...

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Can Circumstantial Evidence Prove a Narcotics Conspiracy Without Witnessing a Drug Sale? U.S. v. Cunningham is important for law enforcement because it demonstrates how investigators can build a strong conspiracy case without ever witnessing the critical hand-to-hand transfer between conspirators. objectivelyreasonable.com/20… #Police #Law #HardestJobInAmerica

Can Circumstantial Evidence Prove a Narcotics Conspiracy Without Witnessing a Drug Sale?

For a jury to find a defendant guilty of drug conspiracy under 21 U.S.C. Β§846, the government must prove three elements: "(1) An agreement to violate drug laws; (2) Knowledge of and intent to join...

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Today, I was honored to present CPT-approved Legal Update training for the Buckeye State Sheriffs’ Association (BSSA) and law enforcement professionals from throughout Ohio. Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. Thank you to BSSA for the opportunity to serve its team. It was great meeting new teammates from across Ohioβ€”and reconnecting with many others I have had the privilege of training over the years. The evaluations were very kind: π΅π‘œπ‘β€™π‘  π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘€π‘Žπ‘  π‘‘π‘œπ‘ π‘›π‘œπ‘‘π‘β„Ž! 𝐻𝑒 π‘‘π‘œπ‘œπ‘˜ π‘Ž π‘›π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘¦ π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘π‘œπ‘π‘–π‘ (π‘™π‘’π‘”π‘Žπ‘™ π‘’π‘π‘‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘ ) π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘’π‘›π‘π‘’π‘’π‘›π‘”π‘Žπ‘”π‘’π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘  𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑙 π‘Žπ‘  π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘–π‘£π‘’. 𝐻𝑖𝑠 π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘™ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘™π‘‘ 𝑒π‘₯π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘’π‘›π‘π‘’ π‘Žπ‘  π‘Ž π‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘π‘’ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘π‘œπ‘™π‘ π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘ β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘π‘–π‘™π‘–π‘‘π‘¦ π‘€π‘–π‘‘β„Ž 𝑒𝑠 π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑖𝑠 π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘¦β€™π‘  π‘™π‘Žπ‘€ π‘’π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘π‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘. π΅π‘œπ‘ 𝑖𝑠 π‘Žπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘§π‘–π‘›π‘”! π‘€π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘Žπ‘™ 𝑖𝑠 π‘Žπ‘™π‘€π‘Žπ‘¦π‘  π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘œπ‘› π‘π‘œπ‘–π‘›π‘‘! π‘‰π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘‘β„Žπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘’π‘”β„Ž! π΅π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” β„Žπ‘–π‘š π‘π‘Žπ‘π‘˜!!! π΅π‘œπ‘ π‘€π‘Žπ‘  π‘Ž π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ! π΅π‘œπ‘ π‘π‘™π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘™π‘¦ 𝑀𝑒𝑛𝑑 π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘‘ π‘œπ‘› π‘‘π‘œπ‘π‘–π‘π‘ . π‘‰π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ β„Žπ‘–π‘”β„Ž π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘ π‘  π‘“π‘™π‘œπ‘€π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Žπ‘™π‘œπ‘›π‘”. But several evaluations focused on something even more importantβ€”WHY officers need this training: 𝐼 π‘€π‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘™π‘–π‘˜π‘’ π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’π‘š [chain of command] π‘‘π‘œ π‘ π‘β„Žπ‘’π‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘’ π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘  𝑑𝑦𝑝𝑒 π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘œπ‘π‘  π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘›π‘œπ‘‘ 𝑗𝑒𝑠𝑑 π‘Žπ‘‘π‘šπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙. 𝐼 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒 π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘” β„Žπ‘’π‘™π‘π‘  𝑒π‘₯π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘–π‘› π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘€β„Žπ‘¦ π‘€β„Žπ‘’π‘› 𝑀𝑒 π‘‘π‘œ π‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘› π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘›π‘”π‘  π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ 𝑖𝑑 𝑖𝑠 π‘Žπ‘› π‘Žπ‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘π‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘–π‘›π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ 𝑖𝑠 π‘šπ‘–π‘ π‘ π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘‘π‘–π‘π‘Žπ‘™. Mission critical. That phrase stood out to me. Knowing WHAT officers can legally do is important. Understanding WHY they can do it is what builds legal confidence: π‘Šπ‘’ 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 π‘‘π‘œ β„Žπ‘œπ‘ π‘‘ π‘€π‘Ÿ. π‘€π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿβ€™π‘  π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”π‘  π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘šπ‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑠 π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘. π‘‡β„Žπ‘–π‘  π‘€π‘Žπ‘  π‘œπ‘›π‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑏𝑒𝑠𝑑 π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘–π‘›π‘–π‘›π‘”π‘  𝐼’𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑒𝑛 π‘‘π‘œ 𝑖𝑛 π‘žπ‘’π‘–π‘‘π‘’ π‘ π‘œπ‘šπ‘’ π‘‘π‘–π‘šπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ 𝐼 π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’ π‘Žπ‘™π‘™ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘€π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘˜ β„Žπ‘’ 𝑝𝑒𝑑 π‘–π‘›π‘‘π‘œ 𝑖𝑑. πΈπ‘£π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ 𝐿𝐸𝑂 π‘€π‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑑 π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘š π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘ . Another attendee focused on the next generation: π‘‡β„Žπ‘–π‘  𝑖𝑠 𝑒π‘₯π‘Žπ‘π‘‘π‘™π‘¦ 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿ π‘¦π‘œπ‘’π‘›π‘”π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘ π‘‘π‘Žπ‘“π‘“ π‘šπ‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ . π‘‡β„Žπ‘’ 𝐡𝑆𝑆𝐴 π‘ β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘™π‘‘ π‘π‘’π‘ β„Ž π‘“π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘›π‘’π‘€π‘’π‘Ÿ 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑠 π‘‘π‘œ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘›π‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘–π‘ ! That matters. We have an obligation to develop the next generation of law enforcement officers ... to give them more than β€œthis is how we have always done it.” They deserve to understand the law, the WHY behind their authority, and how to apply it when making decisions in real time. Thank you, BSSA, and thank you to everyone who participated today! Upcoming Legal Update Training: Patrol Legal Update - October 12 - Bowling Green Drone Legal Update - October 19 - Franklin County EMA SOLD OUT! Patrol Legal Update - November 9 - Elyria - SOLD OUT! Canine Legal Update - November 17 - Avon Drone Legal Update - December 4 - Tiffin Patrol Legal Update - December 8 - Defiance *Drone legal update training is both CPT and CLE approved for Ohio attorneys. objectivelyreasonable.com/se… #Patrol #Law #GavelTravels
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Today, I was honored to present a Drone Legal Update at the Ohio Public Safety UAS Conference. Drone technology is moving fastβ€”and the law governing public safety drone operations continues to evolve right along with it. For law enforcement, knowing how to fly the drone is only part of the mission. Officers and agencies also need to understand when they can legally deploy it, where they can fly, what information they can collect and how the Fourth Amendment and Ohio law apply. Making THE #HardestJobInAmerica ... easier. Thank you to the Ohio Public Safety UAS Conference for the opportunity to discuss these important issues with public safety professionals from across Ohio! Upcoming Drone Legal Update Classes: October 19 β€” Franklin County EMA β€” SOLD OUT! December 4 β€” Tiffin February 18, 2027 β€” Elyria β€” Coming Soon! *Both the Franklin County EMA and Tiffin classes are CLE certified for Ohio Attorneys. Learn more and register: ObjectivelyReasonable.com/se… #Law #Police #GavelTravels
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