Developed by two Nobel Prize laureates, mRNA technology was used to create COVID-19 vaccines in a remarkably short timeframe. This innovative technology has opened up new possibilities of developing vaccines against influenza, zika and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Drew Weissman and Katalin Karikó shared the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. Their groundbreaking findings fundamentally changed our understanding of how mRNA interacts with our immune system and are being used to develop other mRNA vaccines against influenza, zika and rabies. One goal is to develop an mRNA vaccine that creates an antibody response to prevent the HIV virus from infecting healthy calls. If scientists succeed, such vaccines could save millions of lives. On 9 December, at the Nobel Week Dialogue, we bring together Nobel Prize laureates, academics, innovators and policymakers to explore one of the most urgent challenges of our time: how to deliver equitable, effective, and sustainable healthcare in the 21st century. Discussions will include the future of drug discovery, the rise of antimicrobial resistance, the economics of sustainable and affordable health provision and healthy diets. Join us as we consider the possibilities. bit.ly/4qEXEaz