@Salmo_Lab

Bacterial geneticist @HumboldtUni studying assembly and function of a fascinating nanomachine - the bacterial flagellum

 Berlin, Germany
molmicro.hu-berlin.de/index.html
Joined December 2016
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47Media
How do bacteria build their flagella? We’ve put together an animation of Salmonella flagellum assembly based on cryo-EM and X-ray structures. From the membrane-embedded machinery to the growing filament, here’s how the parts come together, step-by-step.
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Bacteria have immune systems to defend against their viruses. This animation shows the proposed mechanism of the Zorya defense system from our work with @NMITaylorLab: a proton-driven membrane complex related to the bacterial flagellar stator. doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-0…
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Can bacteria have too many flagella? More flagella help Salmonella swim faster and spread farther, but building them slows growth. In our new preprint, we quantify this trade-off and predict an optimum close to wild type. 📄 doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.20.…
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We also made a longer animation illustrating the experiments and simulations behind the study, from flagellar gene expression and proteome allocation to bacterial growth and motility. Watch the full 3-minute animation: molmicro.hu-berlin.de/movies…

Molecular movies – Molecular Microbiology, HU Berlin

Molecular animations of bacterial flagellum assembly, flagellar motors and the Zorya anti-phage defence system from the Erhardt lab, HU Berlin.

molmicro.hu-berlin.de
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What makes flagella so expensive? Surprisingly, our results suggest that most of the cost comes from building them, particularly synthesizing flagellin, rather than rotating the motors. Increased investment in flagella also comes largely at the expense of ribosomes.
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More flagella improve motility, particularly in spatially structured environments. But the benefits saturate. Our model predicts an optimum near 3% of proteome invested in flagella, close to the estimated WT investment. Beyond this point, the costs outweigh the benefits.
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How does flagellar number affect bacterial swimming? This simulation compares Salmonella with fewer (PproA) or more (PproB) flagella in liquid and an agarose-like environment. Try it yourself: molmicro.hu-berlin.de/motili…
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Salmonella-phage networks Profiling >1,000 global Salmonella-phage interactions reveals layered resistance &high contribution of surface architecture to defense. Discover AppA, which blocks phage DNA packaging via mimicry of terminase assembly interface cell.com/cell-host-microbe/f…
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Marc Erhardt retweeted
Alexander Harms@AHarms485Sep 25
The final version of our manuscript on TnSeq in bacteriophages (“HIDEN-SEQ”) is out today – if you have an interesting phage phenotype and want to know the underlying genetic basis, this one is for you! 1/3
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PhD opening in my lab @HumboldtUni Join our DFG SPP 2389 project on bacterial biofilms & multicellularity. Study how F-pili conjugation shapes biofilms using genetics, microfluidics & 3D imaging. 📅 Apply by 3 June 2026 🔗 hu.berlin/SPP2389-PhD #PhD #Microbiology #Biofilms
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Postdoc opening in my lab @HumboldtUni! Join our Einstein Foundation-funded collaboration with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem on T3SS, spatial RNA localization, imaging & bacterial cell biology. 📅 Apply by 2 June 2026 🔗 hu.berlin/T3SSjob #Postdoc #Microbiology
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Congratulations to first author @AritzRoa for his amazing work on how T4 delivers its genome and blocks other phages from injecting theirs 🥳 Check out his beautiful movie📽️ Thanks to all authors and collaborators MLNielsen and @AHarms485 tinyurl.com/2kvva646 #cryoEM #phage
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Marc Erhardt retweeted
ASM
@ASMicrobiology24 Nov 2025
#MicrobiologyMonday: The bacterial flagellum is built through a hierarchical assembly process and powered by a dynamic motor capable of astonishing speeds. What's new in our understanding of these complex nanomachines? Find out in #MMBRJournal: asm.social/2HB
Structures of the bacterial flagellum of Salmonella enterica

ALT Structures of the bacterial flagellum of Salmonella enterica

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Marc Erhardt retweeted
SourjikLab@sourjik13 Oct 2025
A beautiful example of evolutionary innovation: Bacterial chemoreceptor was "reprogrammed" in pathogenic E. coli to control expression of flagellar genes instead of signalling through the chemotaxis pathway. embopress.org/doi/full/10.10…
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Out Now! The structure of the complete extracellular bacterial flagellum reveals the mechanism of flagellin incorporation bit.ly/4nqcNe9 #Microbiology #Bacteria #Flagellum
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"The structure of the complete extracellular bacterial flagellum reveals the mechanism of flagellin incorporation" Now published @NatureMicrobiol 🥳! rdcu.be/eugWM
Marc Erhardt@Salmo_Lab26 Sep 2024
I'm excited to share the newest preprint of the lab... the structure of the complete extracellular flagellum, our most favourite bacterial nanomachine! biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/… A result of a very productive collaboration with @BergeronLab and @BeebyLab !
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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory - absolutely humbled by the beauty of this place and the ubiquitous spirit of the Delbrück "phage group" era 🧬🌊🦪
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Exited to share our preprint on the structure of a Salmonella contractile injection system 🥳 Wonderful work by first author @Rooshanie Ejaz and @CloudyKielkopf, @freddie__martin, @HangryHobbit, @RebrovaEva, great collab with @Salmo_Lab @UCPH_CPR #cryoem shorturl.at/QHLpm
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And here it is, the completed BASEL collection finally published as early access in @PLOSBiology - see the thread for more details. 🤗🧬🎣
Alexander Harms@AHarms4856 Feb 2025
🚨 🧬 Updated preprint on the completed BASEL collection - what's new? Some fun with bacterial immunity and a new P22 relative infecting E. coli K-12. A thread 🧵
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New #biorxiv preprint I'm quite excited about. We show that the #T3SS of the #flagellum secretes proteins at a rate of 10,000 amino acids per second, resulting in optimized flagellum growth and energy consumption. biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/…
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Now published @PNASNews 🥳 Bacterial motility depends on a critical flagellum length and energy-optimized assembly | PNAS pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.24…

Bacterial motility depends on a critical flagellum length and energy-optimized assembly | PNAS

The flagellum is the most complex macromolecular structure known in bacteria and is composed of around two dozen distinct proteins. The main buildi...

pnas.org
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