#Reeducating #Bharat and @JoeAgneya Busting Euclid. He is a fictional character introduced by the west to claim Greek lineage of great legacy of Al-Uqlidisi. Son of Syria and friend of India whose lone surviving manuscript from 1157 titled "Hindu Mathematics" is never talked about. Never told to you. I will bust this in three parts. Part 1: The Forgotten Pioneer of Decimal Fractions: Al-Uqlidisi In the annals of mathematical history, certain figures stand out not just for their contributions but also for the mystery that shrouds their lives. One such enigmatic figure is Al-Uqlidisi, an innovative mathematician who is known to us exclusively through two surviving manuscripts on arithmetic. Despite the limited information on his life, Al-Uqlidisi's work has sparked an enduring scholarly debate, highlighting his significant, though underappreciated, role in the history of science. The Manuscripts That Revealed a Genius Al-Uqlidisi authored "Kitab al-fusul fi al-hisab al-Hindi," a groundbreaking manuscript that serves as the earliest known work to present the Hindu numeral system. The title literally means "Book of Principles of Hindu Mathematics". The only surviving copy dates back to 1157, with an English translation revealing Al-Uqlidisi's extensive travels and his interactions with mathematicians across the lands. His preface asserts that he perused all available arithmetic literature, a claim that underscores his comprehensive knowledge in the field. Yet, aside from these gleanings and the fact that he penned his work in Damascus around 952-53, little is known of his personal journey. A Practical Approach to Ancient Arithmetic Al-Uqlidisi's treatise is more than just an introduction to Hindu numerals; it is a testament to their practical applications. He fervently argues that the ease and immediacy of the system, coupled with the minimal effort it requires for mastery, make it an invaluable tool akin to the instruments essential to a writer, an artisan, or a knight. His writings convey a pragmatic view of mathematics: as a science and practice readily accessible and devoid of unnecessary complexities. A Four-Part Mathematical Masterpiece Structured into four comprehensive sections, Al-Uqlidisi's treatise systematically unfolds the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and its operations. The first part serves as a primer, familiarizing readers with numerals and the concept of place value, and details operations on integers and fractions. The second section delves into the adaptation of pre-existing mathematical methods to the Indian system, like the method of casting out nines—a technique for checking calculations that is still taught today. The Pedagogy of a Presumed Teacher The third segment of the treatise is particularly telling of Al-Uqlidisi's pedagogical prowess. It anticipates the queries and confusions of a beginning student, providing answers to foundational questions that only an experienced teacher could foresee. This foresight offers the strongest hint at Al-Uqlidisi's possible role as an educator, deeply attuned to the learning curve of his students. Innovation Beyond the Dust Board The final part of the treatise is historically significant, as Al-Uqlidisi claims the distinction of modifying the Indian methods previously used with a dust board for pen and paper. This adaptation was revolutionary, marking a significant shift in mathematical practice. Al-Uqlidisi's work predated others in the direct treatment of decimal fractions, an area where he was once overshadowed by later mathematicians like Stevin and al-Kashi. However, detailed studies, such as those by Saidan, have reinstated Al-Uqlidisi's rightful place as a pioneer, revealing that his contributions to the world of mathematics were far more profound than previously recognized. In reflecting on Al-Uqlidisi's legacy, it is clear that his intellectual pursuits have laid a foundation that would resonate through centuries, influencing the very fabric of mathematical learning and application. Through his foresight and innovative methods, Al-Uqlidisi not only navigated the complexities of his time but also charted a course for future generations to explore the vast and intricate universe of numbers.

Earliest reference to Euclid is from a book published in London in 1570. At that time Evclide was from Megara and was a philosopher. Then they did the bait and switch again. So glorious failure as evidenced in this copy of the book (earliest) from Library of Congress.