Michel Gahakanyi retweeted
URGENT EARLY-WARNING ALERT
IMMINENT RISK OF MASS ATROCITIES AGAINST BANYAMULENGE CIVILIANS
Situation
Credible reports indicate a rapidly deteriorating situation around Minembwe and other Banyamulenge-populated areas of South Kivu. Preparations for a broader campaign of genocidal violence against Banyamulenge civilians may already be underway.
Over the past several days, multiple villages have come under coordinated attacks involving artillery and kamikaze/one-way attack drones. Reported locations include Mukoko, Nyaruhinga, Gipimo, Nzahaha, Rugezi, Nyagishasha, Timbyangoma, Biziba and surrounding areas.
Civilian areas have been struck. A child was injured in a drone attack. Families have been forced to flee. These reports require urgent, independent verification.
Risks
Newly acquired and increasingly sophisticated weapons,including high-precision drones, raise particular alarm. These capabilities can be used to target Banyamulenge-populated areas and destroy civilian infrastructure: homes, schools, health facilities and other essential services.
Minembwe and surrounding communities are becoming increasingly isolated. A renewed blockade is restricting movement and access to food, medicine and other essential supplies. Such restrictions raise serious concerns under international humanitarian law and must not result in collective punishment or the denial of humanitarian assistance.
The combination of attacks, displacement, advanced weaponry and restricted humanitarian access constitutes a grave early-warning indicator of potential mass atrocities.
Immediate Actions Required
• To FARDC and Burundian forces: Stop all attacks affecting civilians. Respect every ceasefire commitment fully and immediately.
• To the United States, Qatar and all peace and ceasefire facilitators: Take urgent diplomatic action. Establish effective verification mechanisms and prioritize civilian protection.
• To the United Nations, OHCHR, OCHA, MONUSCO, the African Union and humanitarian and human-rights organizations: Verify these reports without delay, establish the facts and take concrete measures to protect civilians.
EARLY WARNING MUST LEAD TO EARLY ACTION.
DO NOT WAIT FOR MASS CASUALTIES.
PROTECT BANYAMULENGE CIVILIANS NOW.
@UN @antonioguterres @UNHumanRights @UNOCHA @UNOCHA_DRC @UNPeacekeeping @UNDPPA @MONUSCO @_AfricanUnion @ICRC @hrw @amnesty @StateDept @USUN @EU_Commission @MofaQatar_EN @AmbAlyaAlThani @jumuiya @UNOSAPG @PaulKagame @SuluhuSamia @WilliamsRuto @un_greatlakes @USEmbKinshasa @KagutaMuseveni @US_SrAdvisorAF @GakondoOfficial @IsokoUSA @DougGasore
#Minembwe #Banyamulenge #SouthKivu #DRC #GenocidePrevention #AtrocityPrevention #CiviliansAtRisk
OPEN LETTER TO H.E. WILLIAM SAMOEI RUTO, PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA
Your Excellency President William Samoei Ruto,
I write this open letter on behalf of Banyamulenge refugees currently living in Kenya—families who fled the Democratic Republic of Congo in search of safety, peace, and dignity.
Your Excellency, following your recent remarks concerning foreigners and small businesses, many refugees have become deeply afraid about what the future holds. Some are now afraid to leave their homes. Parents are worried about sending their children to school. Others are struggling to find food, pay rent, and meet the most basic needs of their families.
These are people who have already endured tremendous suffering. Many fled violence and insecurity in the DRC after experiencing killings, displacement, and attacks involving armed groups and other forces. They came to Kenya because they believed that Kenya—a country with a long history of hosting refugees from across East and Central Africa—would provide them with a place of safety.
Your Excellency, they are afraid.
We are particularly concerned about reports of some young Kenyans threatening, intimidating, or harassing refugees, allegedly because of misunderstandings surrounding government statements about foreigners. A policy regulating employment or business activities should never become a justification for violence, harassment, or discrimination against vulnerable people.
We fully respect Kenya’s sovereignty and its right to regulate its economy and employment opportunities for its citizens. At the same time, we respectfully ask that refugees be protected from violence, intimidation, and discrimination.
Your Excellency, as a President, a father, and a man of faith, we believe you understand the fear of a parent who does not know how they will feed their children tomorrow, pay the rent, or keep their family safe.
These refugees are not asking for special privileges.
They are asking for protection.
They are asking for dignity.
They are asking to live without fear.
They are asking for their children to be able to attend school safely.
We therefore humbly appeal to your leadership to:
• Ensure the safety and protection of Banyamulenge refugees and other vulnerable refugees in Kenya.
• Prevent harassment, intimidation, violence, and discrimination against refugees.
• Clarify government policies so that they cannot be misunderstood as permission to target foreigners.
• Ensure that children of refugees can continue their education without fear.
• Work with UNHCR and other humanitarian organizations to support families who are unable to meet their basic needs.
• Continue providing protection until conditions in their homeland become sufficiently safe for voluntary and dignified return.
Your Excellency, please listen to those who have no powerful voice to speak for them.
Kenya has been a shelter for thousands upon thousands of refugees fleeing conflict throughout the region. We appeal to you to preserve that humanitarian tradition.
A refugee may lose their home, their land, and their possessions—but they should never lose their right to safety and human dignity.
Please protect those who cannot protect themselves.
May God give you wisdom and strength in your leadership, bless your family, and continue to bless the Republic of Kenya.
Respectfully,
On behalf of Banyamulenge refugees living in Kenya
@citizentvkenya @WilliamsRuto @Kenyans @ntvkenya @UNHumanRights @Refugees @KENYAPARLIAMENT @NAssemblyKE @Senate_KE @StateHouseKenya @ORuhumuriza @kivuutile
To those who praise governments or individuals who have killed innocent souls—including our sisters, our children, our parents, and our grandparents—you are not different from those who shed the blood of innocent people.
Those who destroyed hospitals, churches, and schools, killed our cattle, and imposed blockades—we still remember, and we will never forget.
The Bible says: “Among the things the Lord hates are hands that shed innocent blood.” — Proverbs 6:17
It does not matter what title or position a person may hold. Those who kill innocent people should never be praised or celebrated.
We are still mourning our people who were killed in Gatumba, Minembwe, and elsewhere in the DRC and across the East African region, where killers cross borders to shed the blood of innocent souls.
We must continue to remember the victims, speak for those who can no longer speak for themselves, and seek justice for every innocent life that has been taken.
God sees the blood of the innocent, and justice belongs to Him.
@Fidelrugabo @Rumenge1 @kweziFaustin1 @lemessager24 @ManasseMuller @RealManziWilly @i_Birere @jbserugo @MoiseNyarugabo @TwirwanehoMoise @GakondoOfficial @MikeGaha @EspoirKing1 @GAugustin138494 @maugikelly @Songambele67646 @christa_jolie @desirebizi @MeckyKayiranga @MulengeMediaNet
Déclaration sur l’identité des Banyamulenge par @MartinFayulu : ce n’est pas acceptable
Nier l’identité des Banyamulenge montre au monde à quel point vous êtes incompétent. Je crois que vous n’êtes même pas qualifié pour diriger votre propre famille biologique.
Monsieur Fayulu, vous avez une mentalité coloniale qui n’est plus adaptée au monde dans lequel nous vivons aujourd’hui. Les Banyamulenge sont Congolais et fiers de l’être. Ils continueront toujours à se défendre et à lutter contre toute personne qui promeut un esprit extrémiste comme le vôtre.
@MartinFayulu
Michel Gahakanyi retweeted
La vraie histoire des Banyamulenge
La distortion et la politisation de l'histoire des Banyamulenge par le porte-parole du gouvernement congolais @PatrickMuyaya est représentative de l'instrumentalisation politique des identités et de l'exclusion dont ont été victimes les Tutsi congolais depuis des décennies au Congo, phénomènes qui sont aujourd'hui au coeur du conflit en RDC.
Origine des Banyamulenge
Selon l'historien de référence des Grand Lacs, Jean-Pierre Chrétien, l’histoire des Banyamulenge s’inscrit dans la longue durée des migrations pastorales de la région des Grands Lacs. Il s’agit, pour l’essentiel, de groupes de pasteurs tutsi, et d’autres lignages rwandophones, originaires principalement du royaume du Rwanda, et dans une moindre mesure de zones aujourd’hui situées au Burundi et en Tanzanie.
À partir de la fin du XVIIIᵉ siècle et surtout au XIXᵉ, ces groupes franchissent le Ruzizi et gagnent progressivement les hauts plateaux d’Uvira et de l’Itombwe, bien avant la délimitation coloniale issue de la conférence de Berlin de 1885.
Leur mobilité répond à une double dynamique : la recherche de nouveaux pâturages pour leurs troupeaux et la fuite des conflits internes de pouvoir et de la centralisation croissante du royaume rwandais sous le règne du mwami Rwabugiri. Loin d’être une irruption brutale, cette installation se fait par petites vagues, par négociations locales et par une lente sédentarisation.
Implantation des Banyamulenge au Congo
Ces pasteurs s’ancrent géographiquement autour de la colline de Mulenge et sur les hauts plateaux de l’Itombwe, qui deviennent leur principal espace de vie et de référence. C’est de ce toponyme que proviendra plus tard le nom de « Banyamulenge », littéralement « les gens de Mulenge ».
Dans un premier temps, leur présence donne lieu à une coexistence faite de compromis, d’alliances matrimoniales, de dépendances réciproques et parfois de tensions avec les populations dites autochtones, Bavira, Bafuliro, Babembe. Chrétien insiste sur le fait que, dans le cadre de l’État indépendant du Congo puis du Congo belge et enfin du Zaïre, ces populations se perçoivent et sont reconnues de facto comme faisant partie intégrante du corps politique congolais. Pour l’historien, contester a posteriori leur citoyenneté revient à effacer une histoire d’enracinement antérieure à la colonisation et à projeter sur le passé des catégories ethno‑nationales récentes, nourries par des logiques contemporaines d’exclusion.
De « Banyarwanda » à « Banyamulenge »
L'historien congolais Aloys Tegera rappelle qu’avant les années 1970, ces communautés ne se désignaient pas encore comme « Banyamulenge ». Elles étaient englobées dans la catégorie plus vaste de Banyarwanda, « ceux du Rwanda », qui renvoyait moins à une nationalité qu’à une appartenance linguistique et culturelle rwandophone partagée de part et d’autre des frontières. Dans les usages administratifs et locaux, on parlait des « Banyarwanda d’Uvira » ou, de manière plus typée, des « Watutsi », voire des Banyaruguru ou Wahinda selon certains sous‑groupes pastoraux.
La rupture nominative intervient dans un contexte de fortes recompositions politiques : la supposée "revolution sociale" au Rwanda de 1959–1962 provoque l’arrivée de nombreux réfugiés tutsi au Congo, tandis que, dans le Nord‑Kivu, la Mission d’immigration des Banyarwanda favorise d’autres implantations rwandophones. Au milieu des années 1970, et plus explicitement autour de 1976, des leaders locaux, parmi lesquels le politicien Gisaro Muhoza, promeuvent alors le nom de « Banyamulenge » pour marquer une triple distinction : d’abord vis‑à‑vis des réfugiés récents du Rwanda, ensuite par rapport aux rwandophones installés au Nord‑Kivu, enfin et surtout pour affirmer une inscription territoriale spécifiquement congolaise à travers la référence à Mulenge.
Dans la lecture de Chrétien comme de Tegera, cette redéfinition identitaire n’est pas une invention opportuniste, mais la formalisation d’un long enracinement, face à des politiques de discrimination et à des discours racialisés qui, à partir des années 1970, font de la question de la nationalité un instrument central des luttes de pouvoir dans l’Est du Congo.
ALT Banymulenge women who fled Uvira to Kamanyola, after the withdrawal of AFC/M23, January 2026, Photo by Teddy Mazina
Remembering Gatumba, Seeking Justice for Banyamulenge
I had the honor of attending the Gatumba Memorial in The Hague, Netherlands. On this occasion, Banyamulenge lawyers had the opportunity to present allegations and evidence concerning killings and other atrocities committed against Banyamulenge civilians in Minembwe and surrounding areas, and to call for accountability for those responsible, including alleged actions by the government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its coalitions.
The evidence presented raises serious concerns about attacks in which sophisticated weapons and drones were allegedly used against civilian populations, including children, women, and elderly people. We hope that the competent judicial institutions will carefully examine the evidence, conduct an independent and impartial investigation, and, where responsibility is established, ensure that the perpetrators are brought to justice.
If these institutions fail to act, history will judge the decisions they make today. I said this during the 2011 Gatumba commemoration in Burundi: one day, our daughters and sons will lead these powerful institutions. They will look back at the decisions made by those who had the responsibility and power to act, and they will ask whether justice was truly served to the victims.
That day will come when a new generation sits in these institutions and asks difficult questions: Who stood for justice? Who remained silent? Who had the power to act but chose not to? And what was done for the victims?
At the same time, we are working hard to build the capacity necessary to protect our people and to ensure that anyone who intends to harm innocent civilians understands that such crimes cannot remain without consequences. Our goal must be justice, accountability, protection of civilians, and lasting peace—not revenge.
As we remember the Gatumba massacre and other atrocities committed against Banyamulenge and other innocent Congolese Tutsi, we will never forget the lives that were taken, the families that were destroyed, and the pain that survivors continue to carry.
We will continue to speak for those who can no longer speak for themselves. We will continue to seek truth and justice through legitimate institutions. And we will continue to demand accountability until justice is served.
Once again, I extend my deepest condolences to my fellow survivors of the Gatumba massacre and to every family that lost a loved one.
Ntimuheranwe n’agahinda. Mukomeze mwiyubake. Ejo ni heza.
May the memory of the victims continue to inspire us to pursue truth, justice, dignity, reconciliation, and lasting peace.
We remember. We seek justice. We will never forget.
@UNHumanRights @UN
🤖 Made with AI
A Message of Condolence to My Followers and the Survivors of the Gatumba Massacre
Today, my heart goes out to all my followers who survived the Gatumba massacre, and to every family that lost a child, a mother, a father, a brother, a sister, or a beloved relative in that terrible tragedy.
Twenty-two years later, the pain of that day remains. Many of you continue to carry the memories of loved ones whose lives were brutally taken. No words can truly express the pain of losing a child, a parent, a sibling, or someone you deeply loved.
To every survivor: I see your pain, I honor your courage, and I stand with you.
May God comfort everyone who continues to grieve. May He strengthen the families who have carried this pain for 22 years, and may He bring peace to every heart that still remembers that painful night.
We remember those who were taken from us.
We remember their lives.
We remember their names.
We remember their families.
And we will never forget.
For many years, we have continued to advocate for truth and justice, but too often it feels as though our voices have gone unheard. Nevertheless, I believe our future is in our hands.
We must stand together, protect one another, speak for those who can no longer speak for themselves, and continue seeking justice and lasting peace. Our goal must be to build a future where our children and grandchildren can live safely, freely, and peacefully, without fear of violence or persecution.
Our remembrance must not be driven by hatred or revenge. It must strengthen our commitment to truth, justice, reconciliation, and peace.
May the souls of all the Gatumba victims rest in eternal peace.
May their memory continue to live in our hearts, and may truth and justice ultimately prevail.
Gatumba — 13 August 2004.
We remember. We mourn. We will never forget.
22 Years Later, We Remember — We Will Never Forget
Tomorrow, we will remember our beloved family members, friends, and members of the Banyamulenge community who were killed 22 years ago in Gatumba.
Among those we lost were innocent children, women, and elderly men and women—people whose lives were taken because of their identity. Their lives mattered. Their families still carry the pain, and their memory remains in our hearts.
The Gatumba massacre was a horrific tragedy. As we remember our loved ones, we must never forget what happened or the innocent souls who were taken from us.
As Banyamulenge, we have always believed in living peacefully and respectfully with the communities around us. We continue to value peace, coexistence, and human dignity. At the same time, remembering our history means refusing to erase the suffering of those we lost.
We remember them with dignity. We mourn them with love. And we continue to seek truth, accountability, and justice for the victims and their families.
22 years have passed, but we will never forget.
May the souls of our beloved ones rest in eternal peace.
Gatumba — We Remember. We Will Never Forget.
@UNHumanRights @UN @USAmbUN @_AfricanUnion @GeneralNeva @EU_Commission
Michel Gahakanyi retweeted
When #Kinshasa and #Bujumbura starved and bombed the civilians of #Minembwe, the international community said nothing.
Now the AFC M23/Twirwaneho has opened a humanitarian corridor to feed that population.
Having chosen silence then, it should keep it now, and let the AFC-M23 Twirwaneho pacify and liberate the country.
A Message of Hope for #Minembwe
The people of Minembwe have endured immense suffering. For far too long, they have lived under the shadow of conflict, fear, and loss. Yet even in the darkest moments, we have never lost hope. We believe that God has watched over the people of Minembwe and has continued to give them strength to persevere.
Minembwe has been the scene of intense fighting involving FARDC, the Burundian army, FDLR, Wazalendo, mercenaries, and other armed groups. The use of heavy weapons brought devastating consequences for innocent civilians, many of whom lost loved ones, homes, and their sense of security.
I remember June 17, 2026, when members of the coalition announced that they had captured Minembwe. Despite those claims, the people of Minembwe remained resilient, and we believe God continued to protect the community through those difficult days.
Today, we are witnessing developments that many people see as a new chapter. The presence of the AFC delegation in Minembwe has given many residents renewed hope for the future. Many civilians now say they are experiencing a greater sense of safety and are finally able to sleep without the constant fear they endured during the height of the conflict.
We believe that God is close to those who suffer and that He hears the cries of the innocent. We pray that this will be the beginning of lasting peace, justice, and reconciliation for everyone.
Our deepest hope is not simply for military success or political change, but for a future in which every citizen of the Democratic Republic of the Congo can live without discrimination, without tribalism, and without fear. We dream of a nation where all communities are treated equally, where peace prevails, and where every Congolese can live, work, and travel freely in their own homeland with dignity and mutual respect.
May God bless Minembwe, comfort every family that has suffered, and guide our nation toward a future of peace, unity, and justice for all.
Michel Gahakanyi retweeted
Quand l’oppresseur se présente comme le représentant de ses victimes: Déconstruire les contre-vérités de @PatrickMuyaya sur @RFI
1. Mr Muyaya, Minembwe est habité par les Banyamulenge et non par des Rwandais. Il n'existe aucune route directe entre le Rwanda et Minembwe. Toute ambulance en provenance du Rwanda et à destination de Minembwe est contrainte d'emprunter l'itinéraire suivant : Ruberizi, Sange, Uvira, Baraka, Fizi, puis Mulima, avant d'atteindre Minembwe. L'ensemble de ces localités est contrôlé par les FARDC.
2. Le Rwanda ne se présente pas comme le protecteur des Banyamulenge/Tutsi. Il se préoccupe des menaces sécuritaires pesant sur son territoire, notamment en raison du soutien de Kinshasa aux FDLR, ainsi que des déclarations des présidents Tshisekedi et Ndayishimiye évoquant un changement de régime à Kigali. Ces menaces sont liées aux politiques de haine ethnique contre le Tutsi congolais.
3. Les tensions et les discours de haine visant les Banyamulenge/Tutsi en RDC ont également un impact direct sur le Rwanda, dans la mesure où Kinshasa perçois le Rwanda comme un pays associé aux Tutsi.
4. Le Rwanda appelle régulièrement Kinshasa à mettre fin aux persécutions visant les Tutsi car il est lui-même un pays marqué par le génocide des Tutsi. Cette persecution de Tutsi congolais est lié à cette menace sécuritaire contre le Rwanda.
5. À Minembwe, le gouvernement de Kinshasa a bombardé l’hôpital principal ainsi que des centres de santé. Monsieur Muyaya, avez vous une position morale et sentiment de compassion envers Minembwe?.
6. Kinshasa a toujours promis au Burundi et aux FDLR d’utiliser les Hauts Plateaux et Minembwe comme base pour attaquer le Rwanda. Mais la condition a toujours été celle de procéder à un nettoyage ethnique contre les Banyamulenge.
Parlant de la stigimatisation de Banyamulenge Mr @PatrickMuyaya Kinshasa détient plus de 1 000 prisonniers de faciès (Tutsi) - ce ne pas Kigali.
Il y a
1. Neuf années les villages banyamulenge ont été transformés en camps assiégés, sans possibilité d'entrée ni de sortie, et privés de toute aide humanitaire. Le responsable est Kinshasa pas le Rwanda.
2. Neuf années de destruction systématique ayant réduit plus de 90 % des villages banyamulenge en ruines. Les responsables sont: la coalition de l'armee congolaise et les Mayi Mayi. Pas le Rwanda.
3. Neuf années de pillage systématique d'environ 700 000 têtes de bétail appartenant aux Banyamulenge. Les responsables sont: la coalition de l'armee congolaise et les Mayi Mayi. Pas le Rwanda.
4. Neuf années de massacres ciblés de milliers de civils banyamulenge innocents. Les responsables sont: la coalition de l'armee congolaise et les Mayi Mayi. Pas le Rwanda.
5. Neuf années de chasse à l'homme contre les Banyamulenge menée par la coalition des FARDC, des Maï-Maï et de l'armée burundaise.
6. Neuf années de bombardements indiscriminés de villages banyamulenge dans l'ensemble des Hauts Plateaux, en particulier dans la région de Minembwe. Par la coalition des FARDC, des Maï-Maï et de l'armée burundaise.
7. Neuf années d'arrestations arbitraires de milliers de jeunes Banyamulenge, suivies de leur transfert vers les prisons de Kinshasa. Par la coalition des FARDC, des Maï-Maï et de l'armée burundaise.
8. Neuf années de discours de haine et d'incitation à la violence visant les Banyamulenge. Par la coalition des FARDC, des Maï-Maï.
9. Neuf années de tentatives de nettoyage ethnique et de déracinement des Banyamulenge de leurs terres ancestrales. Par la coalition des FARDC, des Maï-Maï et de l'armée burundaise.
En fin....
Pendant les négociations de paix à Luanda, Nairobi, Doha et Washington, Kinshasa n’a jamais cessé de bombarder les villages banyamulenge à l’aide de drones. Aucun autre territoire n’est ciblé. Le Burundi a déployé plus de 18 000 troupes militaires, tout simplement parce que les habitants sont tutsis.
#RDC : Il se passe des choses inacceptables à #Minembwe.
Le #Rwanda utilise une ambulance pour transporter des drones et organiser des attaques.
C’est un crime de guerre !
Quotidiennement, des drones partent du territoire rwandais pour effectuer des raids sur les hauts-plateaux.
Le #Rwanda devrait cesser la stigmatisation de la communauté #Banyamulenge.
Au nom de quoi le Président rwandais peut se présenter comme protecteur d’une communauté congolaise, se permettre de commettre des massacres, des tueries sur d’autres communautés congolaises ?
Au micro de @ligodi sur @RFI, j’ai expliqué les horreurs que commettent le père #Rwanda et le fils #M23 à #Minembwe.
#QuittezNotreTerritoire !!!!
Michel Gahakanyi retweeted
AFC/ MRDP mission remains steady. To protect civilians and their goods. While the regime of Kinshasa hurting and torturing civilians through blockade. This is what pushed Twigwaneho to find passage for their civilians who were under blockade . The only language that the regime of Kinshasa understands is violence. AFC tried diplomatic route but the regime of Kinshasa refused. Occupying point zero mean that for once population of minembwe will be able to sleep peacefully. @GakondoNziza @MikeGaha @LawrenceKanyuka @DrYan_BensOFF @SugiraMireille @MoiseNyarugabo @TwirwanehoMoise @PatrickMuyaya @michombero @GeneralNeva @US_SrAdvisorAF @albcontact @AlexMvuka @observing_web @ORuhumuriza @jbserugo @JenzzoB @JijiClaude @kivuutile @TopKivu @Rumenge1
The night may be long, but in the end, the sun always rises in the morning.
After three months of constant bombing of the population of Minembwe using sophisticated weapons and drones, and after the blockade that delayed access to Indondo from Minembwe, tonight, at 2:45 AM local time in Minembwe, the combatants of Twirwaneho-MRDP-M23 liberated Point Zero.
The enemy coalition—composed of the Burundi Army, FDLR, P5-Kayumba Nyamwasa, and Wazalendo—was routed by the Twirwaneho forces.
Nanyina wundi abyara umuhungu. Congratulations to the Amadubu! Mwaduhesheje ishema.
I can see a great victory coming, where our children will live in the DRC free from discrimination, free from hatred, and free from tribalism. Let us all work together to promote peace, unity, and peaceful coexistence for all Congolese.
@Fidelrugabo @Rumenge1 @jbserugo @AKibasumba @nmuhamiriza @Jadondaruhuye1 @i_Birere @InnocentNtezi1 @Mamaurwagasabo1 @ElikiaBenYosef @PatriceNgira @TwirwanehoMoise @GakondoOfficial @MikeGaha @EspoirKing1 @Songambele67646 @lemessager24 @ManasseMuller @christa_jolie @MulengeMediaNet
