In October 1943, Germany was losing the war on every front. But at the behest of the Grand Mufti, Luftwaffe intelligence officers were studying how to bomb Tel Aviv. Their assessment considered the city “the citadel of Palestinian Jewry and émigré Jews.” Unlike Jerusalem, whose population was a little more than half Jewish and which contained Christian and Muslim holy sites, Tel Aviv was nearly 100% Jewish. The Nazis determined that bombing there would kill the maximum number of Jews. Officers noted that the city had no major military installations of value. The point was not strategic advantage, but to kill Jews. The idea had been pushed by Amin al-Husseini, who was then in Berlin collaborating with the Nazis. He and others had repeatedly asked for attacks on Tel Aviv. Earlier in the summer of 1943, a similar proposal reached Hermann Göring and was rejected because the Luftwaffe no longer had any long-range capacity to spare. Yet the intelligence section still produced a detailed demographic and targeting study. One officer, First Lieutenant Zetsche, discussed a possible symbolic raid on the Jewish Agency building in Jerusalem around the anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, while acknowledging that Jerusalem itself offered no military importance. The preferred option remained Tel Aviv because it maximized Jewish casualties. The plan never advanced to an attack since, by late 1943, the Luftwaffe lacked the forces to carry out the raid and Germany’s position in the Mediterranean had collapsed. But the existence of the study shows that, even in retreat, some Nazi planners continued to treat the murder of Jewish civilians in Mandate Palestine as an aspirational objective. Earlier in the war, an Einsatzgruppe had been prepared to exterminate the Jews of Mandate Palestine in the event of an Axis advance beyond the Suez Canal. When that front failed at the Battle of El Alamein, aerial bombardment was one of the remaining options under discussion. The fact that the assessment was written by Luftwaffe intelligence officers, not the SS, makes the antisemitic reasoning especially clear: they openly weighed which city would kill the most Jews.